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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.23.2022.tde-30012023-125811
Document
Author
Full name
Guilherme Salomão Balbino
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2022
Supervisor
Committee
Melani, Rodolfo Francisco Haltenhoff (President)
Beaini, Thiago Leite
Mazzilli, Luiz Eugênio Nigro
Strapasson, Raíssa Ananda Paim
Title in Portuguese
Pesquisa de novos pontos craniométricos para aumento da precisão em reconstrução facial forense
Keywords in Portuguese
Análise Facial
Antropologia
Odontologia legal
Reconstrução facial forense
Abstract in Portuguese
A estimativa de aparência da face de uma pessoa, partindo de um crânio seco, é chamada de Reconstrução Facial Forense (RFF). Pode ser realizada de maneira digital ou manual, a partir da marcação de pontos cranianos, que possuem diferentes médias de espessura de tecido mole sobreposto. Nas reconstruções digitais o uso de tomografias computadorizadas de feixe cônico (TCFC), que nos permite obter o volume de pacientes sentados, possibilitou um avanço significativo na mensuração das médias de volume dos tecidos moles faciais. Foi desenvolvido um protocolo para medições de tecidos moles a partir de 32 pontos craniométricos (10 sagitais e 11 bilaterais). Este trabalho propõe a inserção de cinco novos pontos cranianos ao protocolo, com medidas a partir dos pontos Mentual (Ml), Supra Canino (sC), Fronto-zigomático (Fz), Ptério (Pt) e Posterior do Ramo Mandibular (prM), com o intuito de aumentar a acurácia das reconstruções. As TCFC foram manipuladas no software Horus® (LGPL 3.0) e mensuradas conforme protocolo adaptado de Beaini et al. (1), obtidas as espessuras de tecido mole a partir dos pontos craniométricos propostos. Foram estudadas 100 TCFC de brasileiros adultos (maiores de 18 anos) que disponibilizaram seus exames para utilização em pesquisas de maneira anônima e que compõe um banco de dados já estruturado e utilizado em pesquisas anteriores. Esse banco de dados contém exames de 50 indivíduos do sexo feminino e 50 do sexo masculino, separados em grupos por sexo e idade. Estatisticamente, foram aplicados testes de normalidade e a diferença entre cada grupo foi testada para obtenção das espessuras médias referentes a cada ponto craniano. Para o ponto Fz, as médias de espessura de tecidos moles foram de 4.56mm para mulheres e 5.14mm para homens. Para o ponto Ml, as médias de ETMF foram de 12.88mm para mulheres e 14.74mm para homens. No ponto prM, as médias de ETMF foram de 18.30mm para homens e 19.69mm para mulheres. No ponto Pt, as médias de ETMF foram de 11.01mm para mulheres e 13.09mm para homens. No ponto sC, as médias de ETMF foram de 10.99mm para mulheres e 12.71mm para homens. A divisão de ETMFs por sexo é justificada, concordando com parcela significativa da literatura, uma vez que quatro 10 dos cinco pontos estudados apresentaram diferenças estatísticas significativas, com as espessuras de indivíduos do sexo masculino sendo maiores que de indivíduos do sexo feminino.
Title in English
Ressearch of new craniometric points for more accurate facial reconstruction
Keywords in English
Anthropology
Facial analysis
Forensic dentistry
Forensic facial reconstruction
Abstract in English
The estimation of the appearance of the face of an individual, brought forth from the dry skull, is called Facial Reconstruction. It can be made in digital or manual way, by marking craniometric points and using medium values of soft tissue for everyone of them. On the digital reconstructions, the use of Cone beam computed tomographies (CBCT), that allow us to obtain the volume of the soft tissues of patients sitting down, granted a significant advance to Facial reconstruction since it allowed us to measure the soft tissue volumes with ease. A protocol with 32 craniometric points (10 sagital and 11 bilateral) was created. This paper proposes the insertion of five new craniometric points to this protocol, measuring the soft tissue volume of the Mentual (Ml), supra Canine (sC), Fronto-zygomatic (fZ), Pterium (Pt) and posterior of the mandible branch (prM), aiming to enhance the accuracy of facial reconstructions. The CBCTs were manipulated with the software Horus® (LGPL 3.0) and measured following Beanis modified protocol. 100 CBCTs of brazilian adults (18 years old or older) that allowed to use their CBCTs for study in annonymous way in previous studies were used in this study. The sample comprehends 50 male and 50 female patients, sorted in groups by gender and age. The statistic test used were normality tests to get the medium thickness of the soft tissues above the cited craniometric points. For te craniometric point Fz, the mean of soft tissue thickness was 4.56mm for women and 5.14mm for men. Considering Craniometric point Ml, the means were 12.88mm for women and 14.74mm for men. On the prM craniometric point, means were 18.30mm for men and 19.69mm for women. On the Pt craniometric point, means were 11.01mm for women and 13.09mm for men. on the sC craniometric point, means were 10.99mm for women and 12.71mm for men. AThe division of the soft tissue thickness by sex was justified, agreeing with good part of the literature, since four of the five craniometric points studied shown statistical relevant differences, with the thickness of men in four of the five points being bigger then the ones found in women.
 
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Publishing Date
2023-03-02
 
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