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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.23.2021.tde-26102021-100713
Document
Author
Full name
Aline Gouvêa de Lima
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2021
Supervisor
Committee
Gavini, Giulio (President)
Caldeira, Celso Luiz
Marcucci, Marcelo
Villar, Rosangela Correa
Title in Portuguese
Prevalência de periodontite apical em pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço
Keywords in Portuguese
Endodontia
Neoplasias de cabeça e pescoço
Periodontite Apical
Prevalência
Radioterapia
Abstract in Portuguese
A periodontite apical (PA) é a inflamação do periápice do dente em resposta à infecção do canal radicular. Trata-se de um importante foco infeccioso de origem bucal, que pode acarretar sérias complicações à saúde geral dos pacientes. A literatura apresenta muitos estudos sobre a PA na população em geral; porém é escassa quanto aos pacientes com doenças crônicas. Em virtude do alarmante crescimento anual de novos casos de câncer de cabeça e pescoço (CCP) no mundo e considerando que a PA nos pacientes oncológicos está diretamente ligada, não somente às complicações acima citadas, como também ao risco de osteorradionecrose, julgamos importante avaliar a prevalência de PA nos pacientes com CCP. Realizou-se estudo retrospectivo, através da análise de radiografias panorâmicas digitais e prontuários de pacientes com CCP (grupo CCP) da Odontologia do Hospital Heliópolis e de pacientes normo-reativos, sem histórico de doenças crônicas (grupo NR) da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Santa Cecília, mediante prévia aprovação dos Comitês de Ética em Pesquisa. As radiografias foram examinadas por 2 endodontistas experientes e, as imagens, classificadas em normal e alterada, de acordo com o Critério de Strindberg (1956). O teste Kappa foi utilizado para a análise de concordância entre os avaliadores quanto à presença/ausência da PA nos grupos estudados (k=0,96). Para a análise estatística, foi utilizado o software GraphPad Prism 7 (P<0,05) e o teste Qui-Quadrado com correção de Yates (=0,05). Foram avaliados 281 pacientes no grupo CCP (4391 dentes) e 144 pacientes no grupo NR (3094 dentes). O sexo masculino foi predominante no grupo CCP (86,13%). A média de idade para os grupos CCP e NR foi de 58,29 e 47,27 anos, respectivamente. O tipo histológico mais comum foi o CEC (92,5%) e a localização mais frequente, a cavidade oral (38,43%). Sinais radiográficos de PA foram encontrados em 16,19% dos dentes do grupo CCP e 9,02% dos dentes do grupo NR (p<0,0001). Quanto aos dentes não-tratados, a prevalência de PA foi de 15,90% para o grupo CCP e 7,02%, para o grupo NR (p<0,0001). O percentual de dentes tratados endodonticamente foi significativamente maior (p<0,0001) no grupo NR (8,5%) comparado ao grupo CCP (3,05%). Diante dos resultados observados, podemos concluir que a maior prevalência de PA nos pacientes com neoplasias malignas de cabeça e pescoço está associada à condição de saúde oral desfavorável presente previamente ao diagnóstico do CCP.
Title in English
Prevalence of apical periodontitis in patients with head and neck cancer
Keywords in English
Apical Periodontitis
Endodontics
Head and neck neoplasms
Prevalence
Radiotherapy
Abstract in English
Apical periodontitis (AP) is the inflammation of the tooth's peri-apex in response to infection of the root canal. It is an important source of oral infection, which can cause serious complications to the general health of patients. The literature presents many studies on AP in the general population; however, it is scarce for patients with chronic diseases. Due to the alarming annual growth of new cases of head and neck cancer (CCP) in the world and considering that AP in cancer patients is directly linked, not only to the complications mentioned above, but also to the risk of osteoradionecrosis, we believe it is important to evaluate the prevalence of AP in patients with CCP. A retrospective study was carried out through the analysis of digital panoramic radiographs and medical records of patients with CCP (CCP group) from Dentistry at Hospital Heliópolis and from normo-reactive patients, without a history of chronic diseases (NR group) from the Faculty of Dentistry of Universidade Santa Cecília (UNISANTA), with prior approval from the Research Ethics Committees. The radiographs were examined by 2 experienced endodontists and the images were classified as normal and altered. The Kappa test was used to analyze the agreement between the evaluators regarding the presence/absence of AP in the studied groups (k = 0.96). For statistical analysis, the GraphPad Prism 7 software (P <0.05) and the Chi-Square test with Yates correction ( = 0.05) were used. 281 patients in the CCP group (4391 teeth) and 144 patients in the NR group (3094 teeth) were evaluated. Male gender was predominant in the CCP group (86.13%). The mean age for the CCP and NR groups was 58.29 and 47.27 years, respectively. The most common histological type was CPB (92.5%) and the most frequent location, the oral cavity (38.43%). Radiographic signs of AP were found in 16.19% of the teeth in the CCP group and 9.02% of the teeth in the NR group (p <0.0001). As for untreated teeth, the prevalence of BP was 15.90% for the CCP group and 6.41% for the NR group (p <0.0001). The percentage of teeth treated endodontically was significantly higher (p <0.0001) in the NR group (8.5%) compared to the CCP group (3.05%). In view of the observed results, we can conclude that the higher prevalence of AP in patients with malignant neoplasms of head and neck is associated with the unfavorable oral health condition present prior to the diagnosis of CCP.
 
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Publishing Date
2022-01-19
 
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