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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.22.2021.tde-22032022-153417
Document
Author
Full name
Marina Tomazela
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Ribeirão Preto, 2021
Supervisor
Committee
Zacharias, Fabiana Costa Machado (President)
Bulgarelli, Alexandre Favero
Fabriz, Luciana Aparecida
Lima, Maria Alice Dias da Silva
Title in Portuguese
Transição do cuidado de idosos do hospital para casa
Keywords in Portuguese
Cuidado transicional
Idoso
Programas de transição do cuidado
Abstract in Portuguese
Objetivou-se analisar a Transição do Cuidado (TC) de idosos que receberam alta do hospital para casa. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo e transversal, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado com idosos, após internação em hospital público, no interior paulista, no primeiro semestre de 2020. Os dados foram coletados em prontuário eletrônico do paciente e por ligações telefônicas. Foram utilizados um questionário contendo dados sociodemográficos e instrumento Care Transitions Measure (CTM-15 Brasil), versão validada para o Brasil, composto por 15 itens. O CTM-15 segue a escala Likert, com cinco opções de respostas, quanto maior o escore alcançado, melhor é a TC. O CTM-15 Brasil foi aplicado por telefone, aos idosos e/ou cuidadores, em até quatro semanas após alta hospitalar. Foi calculado o escore padronizado, tendo com o valor mínimo 20 e o máximo 100, sendo 70 considerado satisfatório. Realizou-se análises descritivas e inferenciais. Para verificar a relação entre a variável dependente TC e as variáveis independentes foram aplicadas análises bivariadas. Optou-se pelos testes não paramétricos de correlação de Spearman e Kruskal-Walis. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Participaram 156 idosos, familiares e/ou cuidadores sendo 51,92% mulheres; média entre as idades de 74,70 anos; 67,95% residiam em Piracicaba, convivendo com três pessoas e 42,31% eram casados, 84,62% com renda derivada de benefícios do governo, como aposentadoria e/ou pensão e 55,13% tinham ensino fundamental incompleto. Os cuidadores foram a maioria que responderam aos questionários, 88,46%. A duração média da última internação foi de 8,27 dias causada, majoritariamente (72,44 %), por COVID-19 e 75% apresentaram entre 1 e 3 comorbidades, sendo a hipertensão arterial sistêmica (57,7%) a mais frequente. Relacionado ao número de medicamentos em uso, mais de 50% não usavam qualquer medicamento para todas as Classificações Anatômicas Terapêuticas Química, exceto os idosos, com alterações no aparelho cardiovascular. Ao mensurar a TC o escore geral foi 68,6 e os fatores 1 e 2 obtiveram maiores escores 70,5 e 71,2, respectivamente. Houve correlação positiva entre os 4 fatores do CTM-15 Brasil e entre os fatores do CTM-15 Brasil e número de medicamentos utilizados para tratamento dos idosos, de acordo com a Classificação Anatômica Terapêutica Química. O número de medicamentos utilizados para o sistema sangue e órgãos hematopoiéticos apresentaram correlação com o escore geral e com os fatores 1 e 3 do CTM-15 Brasil. O número de medicamentos utilizados para tratamento do sistema cardiovascular teve correlação entre escore geral e fator 3 e, referente aos números de medicamentos para o sistema nervoso houve a correlação entre escore geral e fatores 1 e 2. Os números de medicamentos para o sistema muscular apresentaram correlação apenas com o fator 2. Evidenciou-se a qualidade da TC, neste hospital, próxima do valor considerado satisfatório, sendo dois dos quatro fatores com pontuação maior que 70; entretanto há necessidade de adoção de estratégias para melhorar o processo de alta do hospital para casa, principalmente, no que se refere a Preferências asseguradas e Plano de cuidado dos idosos.
Title in English
Transition of elderly care from hospital to home
Keywords in English
Care transition programs
Elderly people
Transitional care
Abstract in English
The objective was to analyze the Transition of Care (TC) of elderly people who were discharged from hospital to their homes. This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study, with a quantitative approach, carried out with elderly people, after their admission to a public hospital, in the inner cities of São Paulo, in the first semester of 2020. Data were collected from the patient's electronic medical record and by phone calls. A questionnaire containing sociodemographic data and a Care Transitions Measure (CTM-15 Brazil) instrument, with a version validated for Brazil, composed of 15 items, were used. The CTM-15 follows a Likert scale, with five response options, the higher the score achieved, the better the TC. The CTM-15 Brazil was applied via telephone to the elderly and/or caregivers within four weeks after hospital discharge. The standardized score was calculated, with a minimum value of 20 and a maximum of 100, where 70 was considered satisfactory. Descriptive and inferential analyzes were performed. To verify the relationship between the dependent variable TC and the independent variables, bivariate analyses were applied. We opted for the nonparametric Spearman and Kruskal-Walis correlation tests. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee. A total of 156 elderly people, family members and/or caregivers participated in the study, 51.92% were women; the mean age was 74.70 years; 67.95% lived in Piracicaba, living with three people and 42.31% were married, 84.62% had income derived from government benefits, such as retirement and/or pension, and 55.13% had incomplete elementary school education. Caregivers were the majority who answered the questionnaires, 88.46%. The average duration of the last hospitalization was 8.27 days caused mostly (72.44%) by COVID-19 and 75% had between 1 and 3 comorbidities, with systemic arterial hypertension (57.7%) as the most frequent. Regarding the number of drugs in use, more than 50% were not using any drugs for all the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classifications, except for the elderly, with changes in the cardiovascular system. When measuring TC, the overall score was 68.6 and factors 1 and 2 had higher scores 70.5 and 71.2, respectively. There was a positive correlation between the 4 factors of the CTM-15 Brazil and between the factors of the CTM-15 Brazil and the number of drugs used to treat the elderly, according to the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification. The number of drugs used for the blood system and hematopoietic organs correlated with the overall score and with factors 1 and 3 of the CTM-15 Brazil. The number of drugs used for the treatment of the cardiovascular system had a correlation between the general score and factor 3 and, regarding the number of drugs for the nervous system, there was a correlation between the general score and factors 1 and 2. The numbers of medications for the muscular system showed correlation only with factor 2. It was evidenced that the quality of CT, in this hospital, is close to a value considered to be satisfactory, with two of the four factors scoring higher than 70; however, strategies need to be adopted to improve the process of discharge from hospital to home, especially with regard to Assured preferences and Care plan for the elderly.
 
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Publishing Date
2022-04-12
 
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