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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.22.2023.tde-10082023-085021
Document
Author
Full name
Shauana Rodrigues Silva Soares
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Ribeirão Preto, 2023
Supervisor
Committee
Pessa, Rosane Pilot (President)
Cardoso, Érika Arantes de Oliveira
Pina, Marina Garcia Manochio
Santos, Manoel Antonio dos
Title in Portuguese
As repercussões do isolamento social na pandemia da COVID-19 no comportamento alimentar e consumo de álcool em pessoas com transtornos alimentares: estudo comparativo
Keywords in Portuguese
Comportamento alimentar
Consumo de bebidas alcoólicas
COVID-19
Isolamento social
Transtornos da alimentação e da ingestão de alimentos
Abstract in Portuguese
A pandemia causada pela COVID-19 pode ser considerada a maior emergência de saúde pública já enfrentada em nível mundial com forte impacto nas questões políticas, econômicas e psicossociais. Pessoas com transtornos alimentares podem ser particularmente vulneráveis aos efeitos do isolamento social e do estresse relacionados a esse evento. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar as repercussões do isolamento social no comportamento alimentar e consumo de álcool em pessoas com e sem transtornos alimentares. Estudo observacional, descritivo, comparativo e transversal, com abordagem quanti-qualitativa. Foram recrutadas pessoas com transtorno alimentar (grupo transtorno alimentar: GTA) em tratamento em cinco serviços especializados do Sul e Sudeste do país, e pessoas sem esses quadros (grupo controle: GCO) convidadas pelas redes sociais. Elas preencheram questionários com perguntas abertas e fechadas de ordem sociodemográfica, sobre o consumo e comportamentos alimentares e responderam o Teste de Atitudes Alimentares, a Escala de Compulsão Alimentar Periódica e o Teste para identificação de problemas relacionados ao uso do álcool, de forma online pela plataforma Survey Monkey. As análises quantitativas foram realizadas pelo SPSS 23.0 e os dados qualitativos foram organizados e submetidos a análises lexicais do tipo nuvem de palavras e de similitude pelo software Iramuteq. Como resultados, ambos os grupos (GTA: n=58; GCO: n=116) foram constituídos por mulheres com idade média de 31,94±9,35 anos, com companheiro (61,5%) e ensino superior completo (71,3%), pertencentes aos estratos econômicos B1 (23,6%) e B2 (29,3%). No GTA, os diagnósticos de transtorno alimentar foram de anorexia nervosa em 36,2% dos casos, bulimia nervosa em 27,6%, transtorno da compulsão alimentar em 24,1% e transtorno alimentar não especificado em 12,1%. A maioria das participantes estava em isolamento social (GTA: 86,2%; GCO: 87,1%) e para a amostra total, ele foi associado à maior probabilidade de aumento de peso para aquelas com excesso de peso, de frequência de cozinhar em casa, da quantidade de alimentos consumidos e maior risco de comportamentos de compulsão alimentar. O GTA apresentou maior insatisfação corporal e mudanças no consumo dos alimentos, incluindo aumento na ingesta de lanches industrializados e maior tendência de aumento na frequência de pedidos por delivery. Ainda, ser desse grupo foi associado a apresentar mais comportamentos de compulsão alimentar, uso de risco ou nocivo e provável dependência de álcool, bem como de sentimentos e/ou pensamentos relacionados ao corpo e ao ato de comer e de beber. Como conclusão, pessoas com transtornos alimentares experienciaram repercussões negativas no comportamento alimentar, imagem corporal e consumo de álcool durante a pandemia, assim como as pessoas sem esses quadros, em menor proporção. Estudos futuros podem ampliar a compreensão sobre essas associações e subsidiar o aprimoramento da assistência à saúde de indivíduos com TA, bem como para a formulação de políticas públicas e programas de promoção da saúde, prevenção e tratamento durante situações de crise com o objetivo de minimizar o impacto da pandemia na saúde mental e física das pessoas com esses graves quadros mentais e da sociedade como um todo.
Title in English
The repercussions of social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic on eating behavior and alcohol consumption in individuals with eating disorders: comparative study
Keywords in English
Alcohol drinking
COVID-19
Feeding and eating disorders
Feeding behavior
Social isolation
Abstract in English
The pandemic caused by COVID-19 can be considered the greatest public health emergency ever faced at a global level, with strong impacts on political, economic, and psychosocial issues. Individuals with eating disorders may be particularly vulnerable to the effects of social isolation and stress related to this event. The objective of this study was to investigate the repercussions of social isolation on eating behavior and alcohol consumption in individuals with and without eating disorders. This was an observational, descriptive, comparative, and cross-sectional study with a quantitative-qualitative approach. Individuals with eating disorders (eating disorder group: EDG) undergoing treatment at five specialized services in the South and Southeast regions of the country, and individuals without these conditions (control group: CG) invited through social networks, were recruited. They completed questionnaires with open and closed sociodemographic questions, questions about their eating behaviors and consumption, and responded to the Eating Attitudes Test, the Binge Eating Scale, and the Test for the Identification of Problems Related to Alcohol Use, online through the Survey Monkey platform. Quantitative analyses were performed using SPSS 23.0, and qualitative data were organized and subjected to lexical analyses such as word clouds and similarity by Iramuteq software. As a result, both groups (EDG: n=58; CG: n=116) were composed of women with a mean age of 31.94±9.35 years, with a partner (61.5%) and a completed higher education degree (71.3%), belonging to economic strata B1 (23.6%) and B2 (29.3%). In the EDG, eating disorder diagnoses were anorexia nervosa in 36.2% of cases, bulimia nervosa in 27.6%, binge eating disorder in 24.1%, and unspecified eating disorder in 12.1%. Most participants were in social isolation (EDG: 86.2%; CG: 87.1%), and for the total sample, it was associated with a higher probability of weight gain for those who were overweight, cooking at home more frequently, consuming more food, and a higher risk of binge eating behaviors. The EDG presented more body dissatisfaction and changes in food consumption, including increased consumption of processed snacks and a higher tendency to order delivery. Moreover, being in this group was associated with exhibiting more binge eating behaviors, risky or harmful alcohol use, and likely alcohol dependence, as well as feelings and/or thoughts related to body and eating and drinking behaviors. In conclusion, individuals with eating disorders experienced negative repercussions on eating behavior, body image, and alcohol consumption during the pandemic, as did individuals without these conditions, but to a lesser extent. Future studies can expand understanding of these associations and support the improvement of healthcare for individuals with eating disorders, as well as the formulation of public policies and health promotion, prevention, and treatment programs during crisis situations to minimize the impact of the pandemic on the mental and physical health of individuals with these serious mental conditions and society as a whole.
 
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Publishing Date
2023-08-21
 
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