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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.22.2023.tde-08032024-095046
Document
Author
Full name
Jerusa Gonçalves Duarte Martins
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Ribeirão Preto, 2023
Supervisor
Committee
Fabriz, Luciana Aparecida (President)
Bulgarelli, Alexandre Favero
Schönholzer, Tatiele Estefâni
Zacharias, Fabiana Costa Machado
Title in Portuguese
Infodemia de COVID-19 e suas repercussões na saúde mental de pessoas idosas
Keywords in Portuguese
Coronavírus
Idoso
Infodemia
Meios de comunicação
Saúde mental
Abstract in Portuguese
Em dezembro de 2019, a população mundial foi surpreendida com o surgimento de um novo vírus, o Coronavírus-2 da Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave (SARS-CoV-2). Foram divulgadas informações acerca da pandemia, disseminando-se por vários tipos de mídias, com grande volume informacional. Diante da sobrecarga de divulgação de notícias, foi originado um fenômeno intitulado Infodemia, que se define pelo excesso de informações, gerando desinformação, pânico e confusão. O estudo teve como objetivo geral analisar a influência da infodemia da COVID-19 na saúde mental de pessoas idosas. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo e transversal realizado no município de Ribeirão Preto, organizado em duas etapas investigativas, Na primeira etapa foi caracterizado o perfil sociodemográfico e variáveis relacionadas à Infodemia de COVID-19 nas redes sociais/ TV/rádio e na segunda etapa, foram utilizadas escalas validadas, a fim de mensurar os níveis de ansiedade, estresse e depressão, de acordo com o Inventário de Ansiedade Geriátrica (GAI), Escala de Estresse Percebido (EEP) e Escala de Depressão Geriátrica (GDS), a coleta ocorreu entre agosto de 2020 a agosto de 2021, por meio de web-based survey. Participaram do estudo 380 idosos, com idade entre 60 e 92 anos, predominando a faixa etária entre 60 e 69 anos (74,7%), sexo feminino (75,3) cor branca (71,3%) e com companheiro (54,5%), 119 (31,3%) concluíram o ensino superior, 321 (84,5%) idosos possuem residência própria, residem em zona urbana (97,9%) e 216 (56,8%) idosos eram aposentados. A maioria dos participantes usava o serviço de saúde pública (50,3%), não houve alteração de renda (75,5%) e 51 (15,5 %) viviam sozinhos. Identificou-se que as pessoas idosas foram expostas a informações e notícias com maior frequência pela televisão 161 (42,4%), em seguida, pelas redes sociais 103 (27,1%), enquanto pelo rádio 44 (11,6%) a exposição foi menor. A comparação dos escores totais das escalas de EEP, GDS e GAI e os dados sociodemográficos, não indicaram diferença entre as variáveis sexo, estado civil e faixa etária. Na análise das horas de exposição aos dados sobre a pandemia de COVID-19, houve diferença significativa entre os intervalos de horas de exposição às redes sociais, se comparados aos escores das escalas de estresse, depressão e ansiedade. Quanto às horas de uso da televisão e rádio foram significantes para os escores das escalas de estresse e ansiedade. Constatou-se que, durante o período da pandemia de COVID-19, pessoas idosas deste estudo manifestaram sintomas de ansiedade, estresse e depressão devido à maior exposição a horas aos meios de comunicação. O acesso à televisão foi o meio mais utilizado, bem como o uso das redes sociais e o rádio foi o meio menos recorrido. Faz-se necessário pensar nessa população, desenvolvendo estratégias para o envelhecimento com qualidade e a participação ativa na sociedade, com uso consciente dos meios de comunicação.
Title in English
COVID-19 infodemic and its repercussions on older adults' mental health
Keywords in English
Aged
Communications media
Coronavirus
Infodemic
Mental health
Abstract in English
In December 2019, the world's population was surprised by the emergence of a new virus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Information about the pandemic was disseminated, disseminated through various types of media, with a large volume of information. Faced with the overload of news dissemination, a phenomenon called Infodemic was created, which is defined by excess information, generating misinformation, panic and confusion. The general objective of this study was to analyze the influence of the COVID-19 infodemic on older adults' mental health. This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study carried out in the municipality of Ribeirão Preto, organized in two investigative stages. In the first stage, the sociodemographic profile and variables related to the COVID-19 Infodemic on social networks/TV/radio were characterized. In the second stage, validated scales were used to measure levels of anxiety, stress and depression, according to the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI), Perceived Stress Scale (EEP) and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Collection took place between August 2020 and August 2021 through a web-based survey. A total of 380 older adults aged between 60 and 92 years participated in the study, with a predominance of the age group between 60 and 69 years (74.7%), female (75.3), white (71.3%) and with a partner (54.5%). Thus, 119 (31.3%) completed higher education, 321 (84.5%) older adults had their own residence, lived in an urban area (97.9%) and 216 (56.8%) older adults were retired. The majority of participants used the public health service (50.3%), there was no change in income (75.5%) and 51 (15.5%) lived alone. It was identified that older adults were most frequently exposed to information and news through television (161; 42.4%), followed by social networks (103; 27.1%), while radio (44; 11.6%) exposure was lower. The comparison of the total scores on the EEP, GDS and GAI scales and sociodemographic data did not indicate any difference between the gender, marital status and age group variables. In the analysis of hours of exposure to data on the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a significant difference between the intervals of hours of exposure to social networks compared to the scores on the stress, depression and anxiety scales. As for the hours of television and radio use, they were significant for the scores on stress and anxiety scales. It was found that, during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic, older adults in this study showed symptoms of anxiety, stress and depression due to greater exposure to the media for hours. Access to television was the most used means as well as the use of social networks and radio was the least used means. It is necessary to think about this population, developing strategies for quality aging and active participation in society, with conscious use of the media.
 
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DISSERTACAOJERUSA.pdf (2.14 Mbytes)
Publishing Date
2024-03-28
 
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