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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.22.2023.tde-06102023-135221
Document
Author
Full name
Carolina Mariottini Bonafim
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Ribeirão Preto, 2023
Supervisor
Committee
Gozzo, Thais de Oliveira (President)
Castro, Talita Garcia do Nascimento de
Bezerra, Simone Maria Muniz da Silva
Panobianco, Marislei Sanches
Title in Portuguese
Impacto da COVID-19 em mulheres com câncer de mama em tratamento quimioterápico: adesão às medidas de prevenção e influências no nível de estresse
Keywords in Portuguese
Conhecimento
COVID-19
Estresse
Neoplasias da mama
Prevenção de doenças
Psicológico
Abstract in Portuguese
O câncer de mama, considerado uma doença com alta taxa de morbidade e mortalidade em mulheres em todo o mundo, teve o cenário agravado diante da pandemia da COVID-19. Além disso, este grupo de pacientes demonstrou-se propenso a distúrbios psicológicos neste período, uma vez que, associadas à própria situação da pandemia, que pode ser considerada geradora de estresse, as medidas como o isolamento contribuíram para o aumento desse estresse, do medo e da ansiedade das pessoas. Considera-se importante a adoção de medidas de prevenção e manejos especiais e específicos voltados aos pacientes oncológicos, reduzindo a possibilidade de infecção pela COVID-19. Considerando tal aspecto, as mulheres diagnosticadas com câncer de mama necessitam de canais de comunicação acessíveis para entendimento e adesão às medidas de prevenção contra a COVID-19. O presente estudo objetivou analisar as medidas de prevenção contra COVID-19 adotadas por mulheres com câncer de mama em tratamento quimioterápico e o impacto no nível de estresse. Foi desenvolvido um estudo descritivo, observacional, transversal, com mulheres diagnosticadas com câncer de mama e em tratamento quimioterápico endovenoso. A divulgação, o recrutamento e a coleta dos dados foram realizados on line. Para a coleta dos dados foi elaborado e validado (quanto à forma e aparência) um formulário contendo dados sociodemográficos e uso de medidas de prevenção contra a COVID-19, além da utilização da Escala de Estresse Percebido- PSS. Os dados coletados na plataforma online Google Forms foram transferidos para uma planilha do Excel. Os dados foram tratados no programa estatístico R project 4.03 no pacote STATS e a função glm. Foram incluídas 66 mulheres com câncer de mama, média 38,2 anos, a maioria era casada, com ensino superior completo; apresentava conhecimento adequado frente a pandemia de COVID-19, quanto ao reconhecimento dos principais sintomas, as formas de prevenção, e 51,1% acreditavam que a pandemia interferiu de alguma forma no seu tratamento quimioterápico. Os resultados mostraram que mulheres apresentavam níveis de estresse percebido, expressado, em diferentes graus, por meio de sentimento de tristeza, de incapacidade e de irritação. Quanto maior a idade, maior foi o escore de estresse percebido (teste de Regressão Linear Simples; t = 2,157 e p = 0,03). Das variáveis escolaridade, estado civil, cor da pele e sistema de saúde utilizado sob o escore de estresse percebido, somente a cor da pele influenciou resultados estatisticamente significativos (teste de ANOVA; F = 3,28 e p = 0,04). Em situações de pandemias, portanto, é importante observar e investir na saúde mental e estado psicológico dos pacientes oncológicos em tratamento, visto que eles têm maiores chances de apresentar alterações nos níveis de estresse percebido.
Title in English
Impact of COVID-19 on women with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy: adherence to prevention measures and influences on the level of stress
Keywords in English
Breast neoplasms
COVID-19
Disease prevention
Knowledge
Psychological
Stress
Abstract in English
Breast cancer, considered a disease with a high rate of morbidity and mortality in women around the world, had its scenario worsened by the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, this group of patients proved to be prone to psychological disorders during this period, since, associated with the pandemic situation itself, which can be considered a source of stress, measures such as isolation contributed to an increase in this stress, fear and people's anxiety. It is considered important to adopt prevention measures and special and specific management aimed at cancer patients, reducing the possibility of infection by COVID-19. Considering this aspect, women diagnosed with breast cancer need accessible communication channels to understand and adhere to prevention measures against COVID-19. The present study aimed to analyze the prevention measures against COVID-19 adopted by women with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy treatment and the impact on their stress level. A descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study was developed with women diagnosed with breast cancer and undergoing intravenous chemotherapy treatment. Dissemination, recruitment and data collection were carried out online. For data collection, a form containing sociodemographic data and the use of preventive measures against COVID-19, in addition to the use of the Perceived Stress Scale - PSS, was created and validated (in terms of form and appearance). The data collected on the Google Forms online platform were transferred to an Excel spreadsheet. The data were processed in the statistical program R project 4.03 in the STATS package and the glm function. 66 women with breast cancer were included, with an average age of 38.2 years, the majority were married, with completed higher education; had adequate knowledge regarding the COVID-19 pandemic, regarding the recognition of the main symptoms, forms of prevention, and 51.1% believed that the pandemic interfered in some way with their chemotherapy treatment. The results showed that 65 women had levels of perceived stress, expressed, to different degrees, through feelings of sadness, incapacity and irritation. The older the age, the higher the perceived stress score (Simple Linear Regression test; t = 2.157 and p = 0.03). Of the variables education, marital status, skin color and health system used in the perceived stress score, only skin color influenced statistically significant results (ANOVA test; F = 3.28 and p = 0.04). In pandemic situations, therefore, it is important to observe and invest in the mental health and psychological state of cancer patients undergoing treatment, as they are more likely to experience changes in perceived stress levels.
 
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Publishing Date
2023-11-13
 
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