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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.22.2014.tde-07012015-143853
Document
Author
Full name
Márcia Astrês Fernandes
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Ribeirão Preto, 2014
Supervisor
Committee
Marziale, Maria Helena Palucci (President)
Faro, Ana Cristina Mancussi e
Ribeiro, Renata Perfeito
Rocha, Fernanda Ludmilla Rossi
Zanetti, Ana Carolina Guidorizzi
Title in Portuguese
Riscos ocupacionais e o adoecimento de trabalhadores de saúde de um hospital psiquiátrico do Piauí
Keywords in Portuguese
Doenças do Trabalho
Enfermagem
Profissional de saúde
Riscos ocupacionais
Saúde do trabalhador
Saúde Mental
Abstract in Portuguese
A pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar o adoecimento de trabalhadores de saúde de um hospital psiquiátrico e sua associação a riscos ocupacionais. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, retrospectivo e de abordagem quantitativa, cujos dados foram coletados com 163 trabalhadores de saúde de 12 categorias profissionais em hospital psiquiátrico de Teresina - Piauí, por meio de um questionário aplicado aos sujeitos e um formulário para registro dos dados resultantes da consulta documental as licenças saúde usufruídas pelos trabalhadores no triênio 2010-2012. A estatística descritiva subsidiou a análise dos dados e, para estimar a associação entre os riscos ocupacionais e o adoecimento pelo trabalho foi usado o Teste de Fischer, cujos valores de p menores que 0,05 foram considerados significativos. Os resultados revelaram que a maioria dos trabalhadores apresenta as seguintes características: sexo feminino (84,05%), idades entre 40 anos e 59 anos (77,92%), casados (50,31%), cor auto referida parda (63,19%), escolaridade de nível médio (41,10%). As categorias de auxiliar/técnico de enfermagem representam a metade dos trabalhadores (49,07%), atuantes no regime de 30 horas semanais (49,08%), turno diurno (66,26%) e no setor de internação (66,26%). Por meio do Teste Qui- Quadrado foi identificada associação significativa entre as diferentes categorias profissionais e o nível de esforço físico despendido na execução das atividades laborais (p=0,04), com relação ao esforço mental não houve nível de significância (p=0,966). Os riscos ocupacionais foram identificados por 96,93% dos trabalhadores, dentre os quais: bactérias e vírus (risco biológico - 87,12% ), uso de tabaco pelos pacientes (risco químico - 82,82%), ruído produzido pelos pacientes (risco físico - 81,60%), adoção de postura corporal inadequada e repetitividade/monotonia do trabalho (risco ergonômico - 72,39%) e estresse (risco psicossocial - 71,17%). Grande número de trabalhadores (60,12%) revelou possuir alguma doença, sendo as mais frequentes a Hipertensão Arterial (16,56%) e os problemas do sistema osteomuscular (12,88%). No triênio analisado, 64,41% dos profissionais registraram 297 licenças-saúde que acarretaram o absenteísmo de 4.671 dias. Dos 270 diagnósticos médicos registrados nas licenças saúde, 23,33% dos diagnósticos integram a Lista de Doenças Relacionadas ao Trabalho do Ministério da Saúde. Pelo Teste de Fischer foi constatado que, no ano de 2010, houve associação estatisticamente significativa entre as variáveis diagnósticos das licenças-saúde e os riscos químico (p= 0.03352) e psicossocial (p=0.03161) e, no ano de 2011, foi identificada apenas com o risco químico (p=0.008281). Em 2012 não houve associação significativa entre as variáveis analisadas. Os resultados permitem concluir que os trabalhadores de saúde do hospital psiquiátrico estão adoecendo devido à exposição a agentes de risco químico e psicossocial e que estratégias urgentes devem ser adotadas para solucionar o problema. Esse estudo agrega novos conhecimentos científicos e subsidia o planejamento de ações de promoção da saúde, prevenção de agravos à saúde no ambiente de trabalho e oferece elementos para a realização de novos estudos sobre o problema
Title in English
Occupational risks and illness of the health care workers of a psychiatric hospital in Piauí state
Keywords in English
Health personnel
Mental health
Nursing
Occupational diseases
Occupational risks
Workers' health
Abstract in English
The general objective of this study was to analyze the illness of the health care employees of a psychiatric hospital and its association to occupational risks. This descriptive, retrospective, quantitative study was performed with 163 health care employees belonging to 12 different professional categories, all of which worked in a psychiatric hospital in Teresina, the capital city of Piauí. Data collection was performed using a questionnaire and a form to record the data of the documental survey regarding the medical diagnoses declared on the workers' sickness leaves during the triennium 2010-2012. Data analysis was based on descriptive statistics. Fischer's t-test was used to estimate the association between occupational risks and work-related illness, with p < 0.05 considered significant. Results revealed the following characteristics for most employees: female (84.05%), age between 40 and 59 years (77.92%), married (50.31%), self-declared having pardo skin color (63.19%), secondary education level (41.10%). Nearly half (49.07%) of the employees had a position in the nursing auxiliaries/technicians categories. The most adopted work regime was that of 30 weekly hours (49.08%), day shift (66.26%), with most working in the hospitalization sector (66.26%). The chi-squared test showed a significant association between the different professional categories and the level of physical effort employed during the work activities (p=0.04). No significance level was found regarding the mental effort (p=0.966). Occupational risks were identified by 96.93% of the workers, including the following: biological hazard related to bacteria and viruses (87.12%), chemical hazard (82.82%) as some patients smoked, physical hazard (81.60%) due to noises from patients, ergonomic risk (72.39%) due to inadequate posture and the repetition or monotony of work and psychosocial risk (71.17%) of which stress was the most frequent agent. A high number of employees (60.12%) reported having some form of disease, the most frequent being hypertension (16.56%) and musculoskeletal system problems (12.88%). Considering the analyzed triennium, 64.41% of the health care employees at the referred hospital reported 297 sickness leaves, which added up to in 4,671 days of absenteeism. Of the 270 medical diagnoses recorded on the sickness leaves, 23.33% are among those of the List of Work-Related Diseases of the Ministry of Health. For the year 2010, Fischer's test showed a statistically significant association between the diagnoses reported on the sickness leaves and chemical hazards (p= 0.03352) and psychosocial risk (p=0.03161), whereas in 2011, statistical significance was found only with chemical hazard (p=0.008281). In 2012 no significant associations were found between the variables analyzed. These data allow us to conclude that the employees from the referred psychiatric hospital have fallen ill due to exposure to chemical hazards and psychological risk, and that urgent strategies must be adopted to solve the problem. The present study results add new scientific knowledge and support the development of plans to promote health promotion actions and avoid work-related diseases due to exposure to occupational risks. Furthermore, this study offers elements to conduct new studies on the same theme
 
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Publishing Date
2015-01-28
 
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