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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.22.2022.tde-10112022-161003
Document
Author
Full name
Corina Milagro Mosqueira Taipe
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Ribeirão Preto, 2022
Supervisor
Committee
Santos, Patricia Leila dos (President)
Barba, Patrícia Carla de Souza Della
Oliveira, Wanderlei Abadio de
Silva, Marisa Matias Carvalho
Title in Portuguese
Ambiente familiar, desenvolvimento e saúde mental de crianças entre 4 e 7 anos no início do distanciamento social pela pandemia da COVID-19
Keywords in Portuguese
COVID-19
Crianças
Família
Saúde mental
Abstract in Portuguese
Com a pandemia da COVID-19, ocorreram diversas mudanças no cotidiano das crianças e dos pais, o que justifica a procura de informação sobre como foram afetadas a oferta de recursos no ambiente familiar e escolar, o desenvolvimento e a saúde mental infantil e parental. O objetivo do estudo é conhecer as alterações ocorridas no ambiente familiar e nas atividades escolares, causados pelo distanciamento social (DS) como resultado da pandemia da COVID-19 e verificar possíveis associações com desenvolvimento e saúde mental infantil e a saúde mental dos pais, bem como investigar correlações entre variáveis da criança (desenvolvimento e saúde mental) e dos pais (saúde mental - estresse, ansiedade e depressão). Trata-se de um estudo transversal, com uma amostra de 374 pais brasileiros de crianças entre quatro e sete anos, que participaram e responderam a um questionário online sobre informações sociodemográficas, Questionário de marco de desenvolvimento Infantil (4 a 7 anos), Recursos do Ambiente Familiar (RAF), Saúde Mental Infantil (SDQ) e Saúde Mental Parental (GAD-7, PHQ-2, IES-R). Para a análise estatística dos dados, utilizou-se estatística descritiva, teste t de Student, teste de Qui-quadrado, teste do Qui-quadrado de MC Nemar, teste exato de Fisher e teste de correlação de Pearson. Os resultados mostraram que durante os primeiros meses do DS os recursos oferecidos pelas famílias diminuíram em relação ao tempo anterior ao DS (p<=,002), nesse período foi observada maior presença de crianças com sintomas de hiperatividade (32,1%), comportamentos pró-sociais e pais com sinais e sintomas de ansiedade (leve = 36,1%, moderado = 22,2%, grave = 17,4%) e correlação positiva entre a realização de atividades com os pais em casa e a ansiedade dos pais. Correlações negativas entre saúde mental parental (GAD-7, PHQ-2) com saúde mental infantil (SDQ). Poucas atividades escolares também foram encontradas para as crianças que pertenciam à pré-escola em relação aos escolares (p=0,000), e as escolas particulares ofereciam maior diversidade de atividades em relação às escolas públicas (p=0,007). A oferta de recursos familiares e escolares favorece o desenvolvimento infantil, mas é possível que eventos adversos (pandemia), fatores psicológicos e emocionais interfiram nesse processo.
Title in English
Family environment, development and mental health of children between 4 and 7 years old at the beginning of social distancing by the COVID-19 pandemic
Keywords in English
Children
COVID-19
Family
Mental health
Abstract in English
With the COVID-19 pandemic, there have been several changes in the daily lives of children and parents, which justifies the search for information on how the supply of resources in the family and school environment, the development and mental health of children and parents was affected. The objective of the study is to know the changes that have occurred in the family environment and school activities, caused by social distancing (SD) as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and to verify possible associations with child development and child mental health and mental health of parents, as well as how to investigate correlations between child variables (development and mental health) and parents (mental health - stress, anxiety, and depression). This is a cross-sectional study, with a sample of 374 Brazilian parents of children between four and seven years of age, who participated and answered an online questionnaire on sociodemographic information, Child Development Milestones Questionnaire (4 to 7 years old). ), Family Environment Resources (RAF), Child Mental Health (SDQ), and Parental Mental Health (GAD-7, PHQ-2, IES-R). For the statistical analysis of the data, descriptive statistics, Student's t-test, Chi-square test, MC Nemar's Chisquare test, Fisher's exact test and Pearson's correlation test were used. The results showed that during the first months of the DS the resources offered by the families decreased in relation to the time before the DS (p<=.002), in that period a greater presence of children with symptoms of hyperactivity was observed (32.1%), prosocial behaviors and parents with signs and symptoms of anxiety (mild = 36.1%, moderate = 22.2%, severe = 17.4%) and positive correlation between carrying out activities with parents at home and parental anxiety. Negative correlations between parental mental health (GAD-7, PHQ-2) with children's mental health (SDQ). Few school activities were also found for children who belonged to preschool compared to schoolchildren (p=0.000), and private schools offered a greater diversity of activities compared to public schools (p=0.007). The supply of family and school resources promotes child development, but it is possible that adverse events (pandemic), psychological and emotional factors interfere in this process.
 
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Publishing Date
2022-11-22
 
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