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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.21.2021.tde-15032022-162237
Document
Author
Full name
Juliana Correa Neiva Ferreira
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2021
Supervisor
Committee
Pellizari, Vivian Helena (President)
Barreto, Cristine Chaves
Duarte, Rubens Tadeu Delgado
Title in Portuguese
Diversidade de Archaea em Diferentes Ecossistemas da Antártica
Keywords in Portuguese
Antártica
Biogeografia
Dispersão aérea
Diversidade de arqueias
Espécies indicadoras
Abstract in Portuguese
Arqueias representam uma importante fração das comunidades microbianas nos ambientes marinhos e terrestres da Antártica, entretanto, seu papel ecológico nesses ecossistemas ainda não é bem compreendido. Este trabalho buscou avaliar a diversidade taxonômica, potencial metabólico, indicadores de espécie e distribuição das arqueias em amostras de água do mar, solo e sedimento geotermal da Península Antártica, assim como neve da criosfera do continente antártico. A análise da composição taxonômica por meio de sequenciamento do gene 16S rRNA foi combinada com ferramentas de predição do potencial metabólico para investigar os processos ecológicos das comunidades de arqueias. Crenarchaeota, Thermoplasmatota e Nanoarchaeota foram os filos dominantes identificados nos ambientes estudados, com uma ampla distribuição do grupo Nitrosopumilales entre as áreas, o que sugere a presença de ecótipos adaptados a condições ambientais e processos ecológicos diversos. Arqueias associadas com o metabolismo do metano apresentaram uma maior abundância nas amostras da Península Antártica, enquanto as comunidades de arqueias no continente apresentaram associação principalmente com o metabolismo do nitrogênio. A identificação de espécies indicadoras distintas entre os ambientes, assim como padrões de network específicos para cada área, permitiu avaliar os grupos que potencialmente apresentam as melhores adaptações para sobrevivência. Por fim, o compartilhamento de táxons entre os ambientes indica o transporte por massas de ar como uma possibilidade para a dispersão de arqueias entre a Península Antártica e a plataforma continental.
Title in English
Diversity of Archaea in Different Ecosystems of Antarctica
Keywords in English
Air dispersal
Antarctica
Archaea Diversity
Biogeography
Indicator Species
Abstract in English
Archaea represent an important fraction of microbial communities in Antarcticas marine and terrestrial environments, however, their ecological role in these ecosystems is still poorly understood. The aim of this study was to assess the taxonomic diversity, metabolic potential, and species and dispersion indicators of Archaea in seawater, soil and geothermal sediment samples from Antarctic Peninsula, as well as in snow samples from the cryosphere of the Antarctic continent. The analysis of taxonomic composition through the sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was combined with the prediction of the metabolic potential to evaluate the ecological processes in the archaeal communities. Crenarchaeota, Thermoplasmatota and Nanoarchaeota were the dominant phylum identified in the studied environments, and the Nitrosopumilales group showed a broad distribution among the areas, suggesting the presence of ecotypes adapted to several environmental conditions and ecological processes. Archaea associated with the methane metabolism had a higher abundance in the Antarctic Peninsula samples, while the communities in the continent were more associated with the nitrogen metabolism. The identification of distinct indicator species for each environment, along with different network patterns, allowed the assessment of the groups that potentially have better adaptations for surviving such extreme environments. Finally, taxon shared between the areas indicate the transport through air masses as a potential way for the archaeal dispersion between the Antarctic continent and Peninsula.
 
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Publishing Date
2022-03-25
 
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