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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.2.2018.tde-30102020-040129
Document
Author
Full name
Leonardo Gomes Penteado Rosa
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2018
Supervisor
Committee
Macedo Júnior, Ronaldo Porto (President)
Mendes, Conrado Hübner
Bustamante, Thomas da Rosa de
Faria, José Eduardo Campos de Oliveira
Silva, Júlio César Casarin Barroso
Zylbersztajn, Joana
Title in Portuguese
Secularismo e liberdade de religião
Keywords in Portuguese
Escola pública
Filosofia do direito
Liberdade religiosa
Religião
Abstract in Portuguese
Esta tese apresenta proposta de regulamentação igualitária da relação entre estado e religião. Entende-se a religião como um conceito interpretativo (Ronald Dworkin) que designa o esforço humano de harmonizar-se com o divino (Joseph Boyle). Sustenta-se que o Estado deve visar a manter individualizadas as opções religiosas (Douglas Laycock), e que, ao fazê-lo, pode-se concebê-lo como secular (Dworkin e MacLure & Taylor). Ainda, analisa-se o argumento institucional de Richard Garnett a respeito da liberdade de religião e sua preservação. A tese em seguida analisa duas questões concretas: a concessão de acomodaçaões na forma de isenções a regras gerais em razão de exercício de religião, bem como o significado de não-estabelecimento de culto ou subvenção da religião no ensino religioso nas escolas públicas. Quanto ao primeiro ponto, a tese sustenta interpretação da igualdade que justifica a concessão da acomodação (a partir de reflexões de Martha Nussbaum, de Garnett e de outros autores contra argumentos oferecidos por Ronald Dworkin e Eisgruber & Sager). Quanto a Dworkin, o modelo oferecido pela tese segue sua teoria política, mas sustenta proteção da liberdade de religião por regime concomitante de independência ética e de direitos especiais. Por fim, quanto ao ensino religioso nas escolas públicas, a tese defende que uma forma de seu oferecimento, sustentada por parte da doutrina brasileira, é capaz de promover a natureza secular do governo pois atende às demandas de convincente interpretação norteamericana de cláusula de não-estabelecimento, que também existe na nossa Constituição, e que não deve impedir benefícios públicos à religião que sejam indiretos, intermediados por escolha privada, e executados por entidades não-estataiss (Nussbaum, Eisgruber & Sager, Laycock e Volokh).
Title in English
Secularism and freedom of religion
Keywords in English
Accommodations
Establishment
Ethical independence
Freedom of religion
Realigious teaching at public schools
Ronald Dworkin
Secularism
Special rights
Abstract in English
This thesis presents an egalitarian proposal of regulamenting the relationship between state and religion. Religion is conceived as an interpretive concept (Ronald Dworkin) that designates the human effort to harmonize with the divine (Joseph Boyle). It is argued that the state should aim at keeping individualized the religious options (Douglas Laycock) and that, by doing so, it can be considered secular (Dworkin and MacLure & Taylor). In addition, Richard Garnett's institutional argument on the freedom of religion and its preservation is analysed. The thesis then analyses two concretes issues: the granting of accommodations in the form of exemptions to general rules due to the exercise of religion, as well as the meaning of non-establishment of worship or the subvention of religion in the religious teaching at public schools. As to the first point (and beggining at reflexions by Martha Nussbaum, Garnett and others against arguments offered by Ronald Dworkin and Eisgruber & Sager), the thesis defends an interpretation of equality that justifies granting of accommodations. As to Dworkin, the model offered by the thesis follows his political theory, but holds protection of the frreedom of religion by a regime of concomitant ethical independence and special rights. Finally, as to religious teaching at public schools, the thesis defends that a form of its offering which is held by part of Brazillian scholars is capable of promoting the secular nature of government because it follows the requirements of a convincing American interpretation of the non-establishment clause, that also exists in our Constitution, and that should not prevent public benefits to religion that are indirect, intermediated by private choice, and executed by nonstate actors (Nussbaum, Eisgruber & Sager, Laycock e Volokh).
 
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Publishing Date
2021-05-06
 
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