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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.2.2021.tde-22072022-114004
Document
Author
Full name
Patrick Mariano Gomes
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2021
Supervisor
Committee
Mascaro, Alysson Leandro Barbate (President)
Silva Júnior, Gladstone Leonel da
Caldas, Camilo Onoda Luiz
Magalhães, Juliana Paula
Osório, Luiz Felipe Brandão
Valim, Rafael Ramires Araujo
Title in Portuguese
Crítica da crítica da democracia: pós-democracia, exceção e choque segundo as formas sociais do capitalismo
Keywords in Portuguese
Capitalismo
Democracia
Governabilidade
Marxismo
Política
Teoria do Estado
Abstract in Portuguese
Esta tese tem como objetivo a crítica das teorias críticas da democracia por meio das formas sociais do capitalismo. A consolidação da democracia como forma política preferencial do capitalismo na contemporaneidade e as crises sistêmicas desse modo de produção fizeram com que, a partir do final da década de 1990, surgissem correntes de pensamento críticas da democracia buscando compreender os impactos do capitalismo na sua efetivação, como as da pós-democracia, da exceção, da espoliação e do choque. Essas teorias, em que pese o seu notável valor e o dos seus autores, como Colin Crouch, Jacques Rancière, Giorgio Agamben, David Harvey e Naomi Klein, constatam alguns problemas comuns por exemplo, a dominação do poder econômico sobre o político, a questão da baixa legitimidade dos representantes, a limitação e a debilidade dos espaços tradicionais de exercício da política e da cidadania e tentam apontar saídas para a crise da democracia ou propõem medidas a fim de proteger essa forma de governo dos efeitos do neoliberalismo. No entanto, ao criticar a democracia contemporânea pelos seus significantes correlatos de maneira descolada da compreensão do fenômeno estrutural da crise do capitalismo e da relação entre as formas sociais derivadas da forma-mercadoria e a forma-valor no capitalismo, essas correntes de pensamento acabam por obliterar a dimensão do cerne do problema, contribuindo, por conseguinte, para a sua manutenção. O marxismo, de outra perspectiva, desde a segunda metade da década de 1970, produziu a sua mais alta reflexão sobre o Estado no capitalismo por meio da teoria da derivação, que refuta a redução do Estado a mero instrumento da classe dominante e, ao mesmo tempo, com base nas categorias econômicas nas obras de Marx e Engels, estabelece a sua função estrutural para o modo de produção capitalista. Nesse contexto, a obra do jurista soviético Evguiéni Pachukanis adquire protagonismo, e a forma jurídica assume papel estruturante na compreensão do Estado no capitalismo. No Brasil, as teorias da derivação e das formas sociais têm ganhado fôlego, notadamente a partir das reflexões de Alysson Mascaro, Camilo Onoda e Márcio Bilharinho Naves, entre outros. Assim, este estudo trabalha com a perspectiva marxista de análise do Estado para compreender o papel da democracia na contemporaneidade.
Title in English
Critique of the critique of democracy: post-democracy, exception and shock according to the social forms of capitalism
Keywords in English
Democracy
Exception
Law
Marxism
Politics
Post-democracy
Shock Theory
State derivation
Abstract in English
This thesis aims to critique critical theories of democracy through the social forms of capitalism. The consolidation of democracy as the preferred political form of capitalism in contemporary times and the systemic crises of this mode of production have led, since the late 1990s, to the emergence of critical currents of thought of democracy seeking to understand the impacts of capitalism on its effectiveness, such as post-democracy, exception, spoliation and shock. These theories, despite their notable value and that of their authors, such as Colin Crouch, Jacques Rancière, Giorgio Agamben, David Harvey and Naomi Klein, note some common problems for example, the domination of economic power over the political, the question of the low legitimacy of representatives, the limitation and weakness of traditional spaces for the exercise of politics and citizenship and try to point out ways out of the crisis of democracy or propose measures to protect this form of government from the effects of neoliberalism. However, by criticizing contemporary democracy for its correlated signifiers in a way detached from the understanding of the structural phenomenon of the crisis of capitalism and the relation between social forms derived from the commodity form and the value form in capitalism, these currents of thought end up obliterating the core dimension of the problem, thus contributing to its maintenance. Marxism, from another perspective, since the second half of the 1970s, has produced its highest reflection on the State in capitalism through the theory of derivation, which refutes the reduction of the State to a mere instrument of the dominant class and, at the same time, based on the economic categories in the works of Marx and Engels, establishes its structural function for the capitalist mode of production. In this context, the work of the Soviet jurist Evguiéni Pachukanis acquires protagonism, and the juridical form assumes a structuring role in the understanding of the State in capitalism. In Brazil, the theories of derivation and social forms have been gaining momentum, notably from the reflections of Alysson Mascaro, Camilo Onoda and Márcio Bilharinho Naves, among others. Thus, this study works with the Marxist perspective of state analysis to understand the role of democracy in contemporary times.
 
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Publishing Date
2022-11-24
 
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