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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.2.2019.tde-21082020-150421
Document
Author
Full name
Vivian Daniele Rocha Gabriel
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2019
Supervisor
Committee
Costa, José Augusto Fontoura (President)
Miola, Iagê Zendron
Monaco, Gustavo Ferraz de Campos
Barral, Welber Oliveira
Moises, Claudia Perrone
Ribeiro, Marilda Rosado de Sá
Title in Portuguese
Expropriação indireta nos acordos de investimento
Keywords in Portuguese
Continente do Direito Internacional
Desenho dos acordos internacionais
Direito Internacional dos Investimentos
Expropriação indireta
Regulatory taking
Abstract in Portuguese
A presente tese propõe-se a analisar se os novos arranjos dos tratados de investimento, mais especificamente, os relativos à expropriação indireta, ensejam a cooperação. Os primeiros tratados bilaterais de investimento dispunham sobre a matéria de forma vaga e superficial, o que implicava a indeterminação do conceito e de suas hipóteses de incidência. Isso influenciou na proliferação de disputas envolvendo o tema, o que fez com que os tribunais arbitrais de investimento, no exercício de sua autoridade delegada, passassem a assumir um papel de maior protagonismo na condução do assunto, por vezes, assumindo uma função quase normativa. Esse fato despertou reações por parte dos sujeitos interessados e uma das mais marcantes consiste na mudança das disposições dos acordos quanto à expropriação indireta. Para analisar a hodierna variação do tema nas molduras jurídicas dos acordos de investimento, utilizou-se, primeiro, o método histórico, para se compreender melhor a evolução da expropriação indireta no âmbito internacional e como esta foi convencionada. Fez-se necessário uma análise comparada da regulatory taking americana e das decisões da Suprema Corte Americana que a envolvem, porquanto trata-se de antecedente importante, que foi exportado para o âmbito internacional. Utilizou-se a teoria do Continente do Direito Internacional como suporte teórico para se compreender as forças motrizes das alterações nos desenhos dos acordos internacionais, a qual foi aplicada à expropriação indireta de modo a extrair um desenho ideal de análise que fosse o mais cooperativo possível. No campo da aplicação, realizou-se pesquisa empírica nos acordos de investimento selecionados de modo a se observar, a partir da moldura ideal conjecturada, como esses países têm conduzido mudanças em seus acordos e se essas tornaram os modernos tratados de investimento cooperativos, de acordo com os pressupostos teóricos estudados. Por fim, a partir da análise empírica realizada, selecionou-se o acordo mais cooperativo quanto à expropriação indireta dentro da amostra, o qual, propõe-se, dever ser o paradigma de reforma.
Title in English
Indirect Expropriation in Investment Agreements
Keywords in English
Continent of International Law
Design of international agreements
Indirect expropriation
International Investment Law
Regulatory taking
Abstract in English
The purpose of this thesis is to analyze if the new investment treaties provisions, in particular, those related to indirect expropriation, are prone to cooperation. The first bilateral investment treaties have vague and superficial provisions that triggered its indetermination and its incidence hypothesis. This has influenced the proliferation of disputes involving indirect expropriation, which has made the arbitral tribunals, in the exercise of their delegated authority, assume a leading role in the conduct of the analysis, sometimes assuming a quasinormative role. This fact triggered some reactions and one of the most remarkable has been the current change in the indirect expropriation provisions in investment agreements. In order to analyze the current variation in the legal framework of investment agreements, the historical method was first used to better understand the evolution of indirect expropriation at the international level and how it was codified. As an important antecedent, a comparative analysis of the American regulatory taking and the decisions of the Supreme Court that involve it were analyzed, since they were exported later to the international field. The theory of the Continent of International Law was used as the theoretical support to help understanding the driving forces that change the designs of international agreements. Then, this theory was applied to indirect expropriation in order to extract an as cooperative as possible ideal framework. In the field of application, an empirical research was conducted on selected investment agreements in order to observe, from the conjectured ideal framework, how these countries have led to changes in their agreements and whether these have made modern investment treaties cooperative, in accordance with the theoretical assumptions studied before. Finally, based on the empirical analysis, the most cooperative agreement regarding indirect expropriation within the sample was selected, which, it is proposed, should be the reform paradigm.
 
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Release Date
2024-10-22
Publishing Date
2020-09-24
 
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