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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.2.2017.tde-05032021-160338
Document
Author
Full name
Alessandro de Oliveira Soares
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2017
Supervisor
Committee
Caggiano, Mônica Herman Salem (President)
Boiteux, Elza Antonia Pereira Cunha
Jiménez Tello, Maria Del Pilar Teresa
Lembo, Cláudio Salvador
Santos, Marcelo de Oliveira Fausto Figueiredo
Title in Portuguese
Os mecanismos de democracia direta no constitucionalismo ibero-americano: análise comparada
Keywords in Portuguese
Democracia participativa
Direito comparado -- Brasil -- Equador -- Venezuela -- Espanha
Direito constitucional
Plebiscito
Referendo
Abstract in Portuguese
Partindo de uma abordagem de direito comparado, este estudo procura analisar os mecanismos de democracia direta estabelecidos no âmbito do atual constitucionalismo latino-americano e europeu, particularmente aqueles previstos na Constituição espanhola de 1978, brasileira de 1988, venezuelana de 1999 e equatoriana de 2008. Assim, são exploradas diversas modalidades institucionais de participação direta da cidadania no campo das decisões político-estatais, como o referendo, o plebiscito, as iniciativas populares e a revogação de mandato eletivo. Busca-se, no primeiro plano de desenvolvimento do trabalho científico, encontrar semelhanças ou diferenças, afinidades ou repulsas entre os institutos de direito político submetidos à análise. A tese defendida é a de que a Constituição brasileira de 1988, quando comparada às suas congêneres venezuelana de 1999 e equatoriana de 2008, traz em seu conteúdo um desenho normativo conservador em termos de instrumentos de democracia direta, o que significa dizer que estes: (i) não são uma via capaz de gerar bloqueios políticos (controle democrático) para medidas de caráter antipopular; (ii) não constituem potenciais saídas para amenizar crises políticas e evitar violações ao regime democrático-institucional; (iii) têm grande potencial de serem utilizados de modo a implementar políticas populistas que podem pôr em risco direitos e garantias fundamentais; e (iv) têm pouca capacidade de gerar incentivo à construção de uma democracia de alta intensidade (participativa). Ademais, verificaremos que a Constituição brasileira de 1988 se aproxima da realidade constitucional espanhola de 1978 em termos formais e de experiência, embora haja algumas distinções importantes. Por fim, são elaborados alguns indicativos a serem levados em conta em uma futura revisão do ordenamento constitucional brasileiro.
Title in English
The mechanisms of direct democracy in IberoAmerican constitutionalism: comparative analysis
Keywords in English
Democracy
Direct democracy
Latin-American constitutionalism
Plebiscite
Popular consultation
Popular initiative
Recall
Referendum
Abstract in English
Based on a comparative law approach, this study aims to analyze the mechanisms of direct democracy established within the current Latin American and European constitutionalism, especially those provided for in the 1978 Spanish Constitution, the 1988 Brazilian Constitution, the 1999 Venezuelan Constitution and the 2008 Ecuadorian Constitution. Thus, several institutional arrangements of direct participation of citizenship in the fields of political-state decisions, such as the referendum, the plebiscite, the popular initiatives and the recall. This research project seeks to, in the first stage of the development of the scientific research, find similarities or differences, affinities or repulsions between the analyzed institutes of Political Law. This research proposes that the 1988 Brazilian Constitution, once compared to its counterparts, the 1999 Venezuelan Constitution and the 2009 Ecuadorian Constitution, brings a conservative normative drawing in its content in terms of instruments of direct democracy, that is to say that these: (i) are not a path able to create political barriers (democratic control) against the anti-grass roots policies; (ii) they do not constitute potential alternatives to undermine political crisis and to avoid violation of the institutional democratic regime; (iii) they could be used to implement populist policies that may put at risk the fundamental rights and securities; and (iv) they have little capacity to provide incentive to the building of a high intensity democracy (participative). Furthermore, it has been shown that the 1988 Brazilian Constitution is close to the Spanish constitutional reality of 1978 both in formal matters as in terms of experience, although there remain some important distinctions. Finally, we have developed several indicatives to be taken into account in a future revision of the Brazilian constitutional order.
 
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Publishing Date
2021-05-11
 
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