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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.2.2020.tde-04052021-221840
Document
Author
Full name
Flávio Augusto Spegiorin Ramos
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2020
Supervisor
Committee
Ramos, Elival da Silva (President)
Francisco, José Carlos
Mudrovitsch, Rodrigo de Bittencourt
Veríssimo, Marcos Paulo
Title in Portuguese
Políticas públicas, ativismo judicial e diálogo constitucional: ponderações à luz da efetivação dos direitos sociais
Keywords in Portuguese
Ativismo judicial
Direitos sociais
Políticas públicas
Abstract in Portuguese
O Estado social impõe uma dinâmica político-jurídica distinta à ação do Estado, com reflexo na proteção jurisdicional dos direitos sociais, em especial os programáticos de cunho prestacional. Historicamente, tais direitos enfrentam questões jurídico-políticas importantes, que afetam a forma como são compreendidos, interpretados e efetivados. O Direito sucumbiu, em parte, nas tarefas de encontrar ferramentas precisas para as fórmulas programáticas, de precisar os fins do Estado e de instrumentalizar os anseios constitucionais. A Constituição brasileira de 1988, inserida nesse contexto, agigantou-se quanto aos fins, mas apequenou-se quanto aos meios, restando às políticas públicas certo protagonismo como ferramenta de operacionalidade do Direito na questão social. Porém, as falhas perpetradas pelo Poder Público no campo social possibilitaram que o Poder Judiciário assumisse um papel político e voluntarista, extrapolando limites de sua atuação jurisdicional ao interpretar e aplicar normas daquela natureza. Esse ativismo judicial desfigura o caminho traçado na concretização dessas normas constitucionais e corrompe o processo de realização da dimensão material do projeto constitucional. O trabalho revela que esse fenômeno se comporta de forma híbrida: é impulsionado por questões normativas e, sobretudo, institucionais. A questão institucional - em especial, a dinâmica entre os Poderes e a distribuição de suas funções e limites - tem impacto relevante para o ativismo judicial na questão social. Isso nos permite vislumbrar um potencial reformador no desenho das relações institucionais que anseie o ponto de equilíbrio entre a total contenção do Judiciário (ou passivismo) e seu ativismo. A teoria do diálogo constitucional (com as mudanças no design e na dinâmica das instituições que ela propõe) torna-se medida prospectiva. Assim, reveladas as questões institucionais atreladas ao processo histórico, político e jurídico que acompanham o desenvolvimento do Estado social e identificadas as questões institucionais que dão forma e impulsionam o ativismo judicial no campo dos direitos sociais programáticos de cunho prestacional, o trabalho busca na teoria do diálogo constitucional uma possível resposta ao fenômeno do ativismo. Para isso, passa por parte da evolução do constitucionalismo brasileiro no tema, revela um Estado com potencial articulador e identifica como o diálogo constitucional tem sido invocado na prática constitucional brasileira e quais os desafios prospectivos que o tema impõe.
Title in English
Public policies, judicial activism and constitutional dialogue: considerations in the light of the realization of social rights
Keywords in English
Institutional dialogue
Judicial activism
Programmatic norms
Public policies
Social rights
Theory of constitutional dialogue
Abstract in English
The social State imposes a distinct political-legal dynamic on the action of the State, which reflects on the judicial protection of social rights, especially the programmatic ones that requires a gradually strive towards their full realization (those with prestational legal status). Historically, such rights face important legal-political issues that affect how they are recognized, interpreted and enforced. Law succumbed in part to the tasks of finding precise tools for programmatic formulas, specifying the function of the State, and instrumentalizing constitutional aspirations. The Brazilian Constitution of 1988, inserted in this context, loomed as to the purposes, but was reduced as to the means, leaving to the public policies a certain prominence as an instrument of operation of the Law in the social question. However, the failures perpetrated by the Public Power in the social field made it possible for the Judiciary Power to assume a political and voluntarist role, going beyond the limits of its jurisdictional performance by interpreting and applying norms of that specific legal status. This judicial activism disfigures the path traced in the realization of these constitutional norms and corrupts the process of realizing the material dimension of the constitutional project. The work reveals that this phenomenon behaves in a hybrid way: it is driven by normative and, above all, institutional issues. The institutional matter - in particular, the dynamics among the Powers and the distribution of their functions and limits - has a relevant impact on judicial activism in the social question. This allows us to consider a potential reformer in the design of institutional relations that pursues the balance between the full restraint of the Judiciary (or passivism) and its activism. The theory of constitutional dialogue (with the changes in design and dynamics of the institutions that it proposes) becomes a prospective proposal. Thus, revealing the institutional issues linked to the historical, political, and legal process that accompany the development of the social State, and identifying the institutional issues that delineate and foment judicial activism in the field of programmatic social rights with prestational legal status, this study pursues in the theory of constitutional dialogue a potential response to the phenomenon of judicial activism. In this regard, the study considers the evolution of the Brazilian constitutionalism in the theme, reveals a State with articulating potential, and identifies how the constitutional dialogue has been invoked in the Brazilian constitutional practice and what are the prospective challenges that the theme imposes.
 
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Release Date
2025-05-04
Publishing Date
2021-05-05
 
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