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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.2.2018.tde-08102020-215345
Document
Author
Full name
Luisa Tortolano Barreto
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2018
Supervisor
Committee
Forgioni, Paula Andrea (President)
Pela, Juliana Krueger
Pugliesi, Adriana Valéria
Fernandes, Wanderley
Title in Portuguese
Obrigações das partes e dever de colaboração nos contratos de consórcio
Keywords in Portuguese
Consórcio de empresas
Contratos associativos
Deveres de colaboração
Lei nº 6.404/76
Obrigações das partes
Abstract in Portuguese
O consórcio é um tipo contratual frequentemente empregado para a realização de obras ou projetos complexos, sendo, portanto, forma colaborativa de importante papel para o desenvolvimento de setores essenciais, tais como infraestrutura, construção civil e prestação de serviços públicos. O contrato de consórcio pode ser considerado contrato híbrido, associativo, relacional, de organização e/ou de colaboração. Dentre os contratos associativos, o consórcio se destaca, no Brasil, por ser contrato típico, dotado de estatuto legal próprio, o que lhe confere relativa segurança jurídica em relação a pactos de colaboração atípicos. Apesar disso, a lei não estabeleceu regras claras de governança do instituto, ficando esse tipo contratual amparado nas regras dos contratos comuns de intercâmbio. Nos contratos associativos e de colaboração, os deveres de colaboração impostos às partes são, não raro, mais intensos do que nas relações contratuais em geral, em decorrência do objeto e da função econômica desses negócios jurídicos. Outrossim, é de se notar que os consórcios, por sua natureza relacional, são contratos incompletos, o que também demanda alto grau de colaboração das partes no cumprimento de suas obrigações. Contudo, a Lei nº 6.404/76 não reflete esse caráter do consórcio, determinando que as consorciadas se obriguem somente nos termos do contrato, o qual deve delimitar as prestações específicas atribuídas a cada parte. Assim, a lei confere tratamento um tanto individualista ao contrato de consórcio, destoando de sua natureza associativa. Sem embargo, a ausência de positivação não impede a imposição dos deveres de colaboração às partes. Essa situação, entretanto, pode gerar certa insegurança jurídica, ao permitir ao intérprete do contrato a imposição de deveres que podem extrapolar as expectativas da parte no momento da celebração do pacto. Ademais, a estruturação das obrigações das partes nos contratos de consórcios pode impactar a intensidade dos deveres de colaboração decorrentes da relação contratual, além de poder implicar maior dependência entre as partes e suprimir o afastamento da presunção de solidariedade, previsto na lei.
Title in English
Obligations of the parties and duty of collaboration in consortium agreements
Keywords in English
Associative Contracts
Consortium
Duties of collaboration
Law No. 6.404/76
Obligations of the parties
Abstract in English
Consortium is a type of contract often applied for the implementation of complex works or projects and is therefore an important collaborative form for the development of key sectors such as infrastructure, construction and public services. The consortium agreement may be considered a hybrid, associative, relational, organizational and/or collaboration contract. Among the associative contracts, the consortium stands out in Brazil as a typical contract, with its own legal statute, which awards relative legal certainty in relation to atypical cooperation agreements. Despite this, the law did not establish clear rules of governance regarding the institute, and as a result this contractual category is grounded on the rules of the common exchange contracts. In associative and collaborative contracts, the duties of collaboration imposed on the parties are often more intense than in contractual relations in general, as a result of the purpose and economic function of these legal transactions. It is worth noting that consortiums, due to their relational nature, are incomplete contracts, which also requires a high degree of collaboration of the parties in the fulfillment of their obligations. However, Law No. 6,404/76 does not reflect this trait of the consortium, determining that the consortium members are bound only under the terms of the agreement, which should set the specific provisions attributed to each party. Thus, the law confers somewhat individualistic treatment to the consortium agreement, disregarding its associative nature. Notwithstanding, the absence of legal affirmation does not prevent the imposition of the duties of collaboration to the parties. This situation, however, can generate some legal uncertainty by allowing the contract interpreter to impose duties that can exceed the expectations of the party at the time of the conclusion of the agreement. In addition, the structuring of the parties' obligations in consortia agreements may impact the intensity of the collaborative duties arising from the contractual relationship, as well as imply greater dependence between the parties and suppress the withdrawal of the presumption of solidarity foreseen by the law.
 
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Publishing Date
2021-04-16
 
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