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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.18.2021.tde-20052021-162828
Document
Author
Full name
Juceli Aparecida Leme Mundo
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Carlos, 2021
Supervisor
Committee
Rezende, Maria Olimpia de Oliveira (President)
Silva, Alineaurea Florentino
Weigert, Célia
Title in Portuguese
Quintal agroecológico na escola: laboratório para o ensino de educação ambiental
Keywords in Portuguese
Educação Ambiental
Ensino de Ciências
Horta Escolar
Metodologia Ativa
Abstract in Portuguese
Este estudo teve como tema central a Educação Ambiental (EA) no âmbito do ensino fundamental. Trata de aspectos conceituais relacionados à evolução da temática de educação ambiental no contexto da educação. Foram considerados os principais encontros internacionais sobre o meio ambiente onde os conceitos foram direcionados à educação. No Brasil, foi dado atenção às principais políticas de EA no século XXI. Outra temática desenvolvida foi sobre recursos metodológicos no ensino e aprendizagem de EA. Foram consideradas as experiências metodológicas correlacionadas ao estudo, como por exemplo, os trabalhos que tratavam de hortas em EA e aqueles que analisaram desenhos e relatos infantis para avaliar a percepção das crianças sobre temas relacionados à EA. A parte experimental do projeto ocorreu no ano de 2018, na Escola Municipal Carmine Botta, no município de São Carlos, São Paulo. Este projeto teve como objetivo criar um ambiente de aprendizagem que potencializasse o ensino de conceitos de ciências e educação ambiental. Trata-se da construção coletiva de um espaço, fora da sala de aula, denominado Quintal Agroecológico, tendo como foco relacionar aspectos do cotidiano (consumo de alimentos, geração de resíduos) com as atividades desenvolvidas no Quintal Agroecológico (produção de alimentos, compostagem) para despertar o espírito crítico sobre a relação sociedade e natureza. Uma horta e uma composteira caseira foram construídas e incorporadas ao conjunto de áreas verdes já existentes na escola como os jardins ornamentais, as árvores frutíferas e as árvores do Cerrado brasileiro. A construção e manutenção da horta e composteira e os passeios no terreno da escola passaram a integrar a rotina da turma. O planejamento e avaliação das atividades foram realizados coletivamente em rodas de conversa. Os alunos documentaram as atividades na forma de relatos e desenhos realizados durante o ano letivo. Os depoimentos dos alunos revelaram que a horta se tornou um dos lugares mais prazerosos na escola, concorrendo com a quadra de esportes. Ir para a horta tornou-se um hábito agradável e prazeroso para grande parte dos participantes do estudo. As atividades necessárias para a manutenção diária da horta, tais como a irrigação, a limpeza regular e a manutenção da composteira, contribuíram para o sentimento de responsabilidade e afeto com as plantas e o espaço da horta. A transformação da paisagem com a limpeza do terreno, a preparação dos canteiros, plantio de mudas e posterior desenvolvimento das culturas, das flores e dos frutos permitiram a sensibilização das crianças para o ritmo da natureza, as características de cada estação, e a observação da ação do sol, da chuva, do vento no desenvolvimento das plantas.
Title in English
Agroecological backyard in the school: Laboratory for the teaching of environmental education
Keywords in English
Active Methodology
Environmental Education
School Garden
Science teaching
Abstract in English
This study had as its central theme Environmental Education (EA) in the scope of elementary education. It deals with conceptual aspects related to the evolution of the theme of environmental education in the context of education. The main international meetings on the environment were considered where the concepts were directed to education. In Brazil, attention was paid to the main EE policies in the 21st century. Another theme developed was about methodological resources in the teaching and learning of AE. Methodological experiences related to the study were considered, such as, for example, the works that dealt with vegetable gardens in AE and those that analyzed children's drawings and reports to assess the children's perception on themes related to AE. The experimental part of the project took place in 2018, at the Municipal School Carmine Botta, in the municipality of São Carlos, São Paulo. This project aimed to create a learning environment that would enhance the teaching of science concepts and environmental education. It is about the collective construction of a space, outside the classroom, called an agroecological yard, focusing on relating everyday aspects (food consumption, waste generation) with the activities developed in the agroecological yard (food production, composting) to awaken the critical spirit about the relationship between society and nature. A vegetable garden was incorporated into the set of green areas already existing in the school, such as ornamental gardens, fruit trees and trees from the Brazilian Cerrado. The construction and maintenance of the vegetable garden and the compost bin along with walks on the school's yard became part of the class routine. The planning and evaluation of activities were carried out collectively in conversation circles. Students documented activities in the form of reports and drawings made during the school year. The students' testimonies revealed that the vegetable garden became one of the most pleasant places in the school, competing with the sports court. Going to the vegetable garden became a pleasant and pleasurable habit for most of the study participants. The activities necessary for the daily maintenance of the garden, such as irrigation, regular cleaning and maintenance of the compost, contributed to the feeling of responsibility and affection with the plants and the space of the garden. The transformation of the landscape with the cleaning of the land, the preparation of the beds, the planting of seedlings and the subsequent development of crops, flowers and fruits allowed the children's awareness of the rhythm of nature, the characteristics of each season, and the observation of action of the sun, rain, wind in the development of plants.
 
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Publishing Date
2021-06-23
 
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