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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.18.2020.tde-16112021-123113
Document
Author
Full name
Jorge Nagib Saba
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Carlos, 2020
Supervisor
Committee
Carpinetti, Luiz Cesar Ribeiro (President)
Costa, André Lucirton
Oprime, Pedro Carlos
Title in Portuguese
Proposta de aplicação do Electre III para ordenação dos modos de falha segundo os critérios da FMEA
Keywords in Portuguese
ELECTRE III
FMEA
Ordenação
Risk Priority Number
RPN
Abstract in Portuguese
FMEA – Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (Análise dos Modos de Falha e de seus Efeitos) é largamente empregada dentro de sistemas de administração da Qualidade, no desenvolvimento e na atualização de produtos, processos e serviços e reconhecida como uma técnica adequada para a identificação de potenciais Modos de Falha (FM – Failure Mode) e de seus efeitos. Cada FM identificado é avaliado sob três critérios: Severidade (S), Ocorrência (O) e Detecção (D), em escalas que associam expressões verbais a valores escalares de 1 a 10. No cálculo tradicional os valores de O, S e D são multiplicados dando origem ao RPN – Risk Priority Number, que é entendido como sendo a criticidade dos FM avaliados. Os FM são ordenados a partir de seu RPN: quanto maior o RPN de um dado FM, maior sua criticidade e vice-versa. Uma dificuldade recorrente no processo de ordenação surge quando se identificam diversos grupos de FM aos quais o mesmo valor de RPN está associado. Evitando incorrer nos problemas e dificuldades de ordenação dos FM originados do cálculo tradicional, este trabalho propõe uma alternativa de aprimoramento da ordenação com o emprego do método ELECTRE III, destinando-se àqueles que rotineiramente realizam processos FMEA e buscam a uma maneira robusta e confiável para a ordenação dos modos de falha. São aqui apresentadas a FMEA, o método ELECTRE III e a metodologia proposta, incluindo um estudo comparativo sobre um caso de FMEA realizado para um equipamento mecânico, onde são calculados os RPN segundo a formulação tradicional e comparados com os resultados obtidos pela presente proposta. Limitações e lacunas para pesquisa são apresentadas e discutidas. Os resultados apresentaram ordenações do Electre III compatíveis com as expectativas e com a ordenação tradicional FMEA, apesar da existência de grupos de modos de falha empatados na mesma posição. Os peritos, que participaram do trabalho, aceitaram os resultados. Foram elencados fatores que concorreram para com o aprimoramento da FMEA.
Title in English
Proposal of application of Electre III for ordering failure modes according to FMEA criteria
Keywords in English
ELECTRE III
FMEA
Ranking
Risk Priority Number
RPN
Abstract in English
FMEA – Failure Mode and Effects Analysis is a technique widely employed by Quality Administration systems in the development and modernization of products or services. It is acknowledged as being able to identify potential failure modes (FM) and their effects upon components or systems to which they are related. For every identified FM, a team of specialists performing a FMEA evaluates three factors: Severity (S), Ocurrence (O) and Detection (D), which are measured on a scale varying from 1 to 10. According to the traditional method, O, S and D are multiplied, thus generating the RPN – Risk Priority Number, which is understood as the criticality of the evaluated FM. The FMs are ranked based on their RPN, so that the higher the RPN of a given FM, the higher its criticality – and vice versa. A recurrent difficulty in the ranking process emerges when several FM featuring the same RPN value arise. In an attempt to avoid the problems and difficulties caused by the traditional computation method, the present study proposes an alternative to enhancing the ranking process by using a technique for decision support called ELECTRE III, which aims at those who perform FMEA processes on a regular basis and seek a robust and reliable tool with which to rank FMs. In this paper, FMEA, the ELECTRE III Technique and the proposed methodology are presented, including a comparative study of an FMEA process being applied to a mechanical equipment, where RPNs were calculated according to the traditional method and compared to the results yielded by the application of the presented proposition. Limitations and research opportunities are presented and discussed. The rankings produced by Electre III were compatible with the expectation, although some FM were indeed in the same position. The participating Experts gladly took them in. Factors which contributed to the enhancement of FMEA were brought to light.
 
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Publishing Date
2021-11-29
 
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