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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.18.2022.tde-08092022-170008
Document
Author
Full name
Maria Paula Cardoso Yoshii
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Carlos, 2022
Supervisor
Committee
Espindola, Evaldo Luiz Gaeta (President)
Corbi, Juliano Jose
Massaro, Fernanda Cristina
Okumura, Denise Tieme
Rocha, Odete
Title in Portuguese
Efeitos do herbicida 2,4-D e do inseticida fipronil, isolados e em mistura, em macrófitas aquáticas e fauna associada
Keywords in Portuguese
agrotóxicos
cana-de-açúcar
formulações comerciais
macroinvertebrados
mesocomsmos
Abstract in Portuguese
O Brasil é o maior produtor mundial de cana-de-açúcar e etanol. Essa produção, no entanto, requer o uso de diversos insumos para a produção em escala destas monoculturas, destacando-se o herbicida 2,4-D e o inseticida fipronil como os agrotóxicos mais utilizados nesta cultura, que assim como outros agrotóxicos podem comprometer diretamente e indiretamente a saúde humana e o meio ambiente. A presente tese avaliou, em laboratório e em estudos de campo (mesocosmos), os efeitos do herbicida 2,4-D e do inseticida fipronil (formulações comerciais: 2,4-D: DMA® 806 BR (Dow AgroSciences Industrial Ltda., Brasil) e fipronil: Regent® 800 WG (BASF S.A), isolados e em misturas, nas macrófitas aquáticas Eichhornia crassipes, Glyceria maxima, Landoltia punctata, Myriophyllum aquaticum, Myriophyllum spicatum e Pistia stratiotes. Os resultados demonstraram que as concentrações reportadas pela Companhia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo (CETESB) em 2018 de 2,4-D (366 μg/L) e fipronil (465 μg/L) afetam as macrófitas L. punctata e M. aquaticum inibindo o crescimento em até 44% e biomassa em 68% em comparação ao controle. As macrófitas G. maxima e M. spicatum (típicas de região temperada) quando expostas ao 2,4-D, declínio em biomassa e crescimento são observados. No entanto, a combinação de concentrações ambientalmente reais testadas de fipronil e 2,4-D em mesocosmos afetam o crescimento do caule e das raízes das macrófitas E. crassipes e P. stratiotes e, as taxas de riqueza e diversidade da comunidade de macroinvertebrados associados às macrófitas. Em conclusão, a presença de ambos os agrotóxicos, isolados e em mistura, afetam o crescimento, biomassa e desenvolvimento das macrófitas, bem como a riqueza e diversidade da comunidade de macroinvertebrados.
Title in English
Effects of the herbicide 2,4-D and the insecticide fipronil, alone and in the mixture, on aquatic macrophytes and their associated fauna
Keywords in English
commercial formulation
macroinvertebrates
mesocosms
pesticides
sugarcane
Abstract in English
Brazil is the world's largest producer of sugarcane and ethanol. This production, however, requires the use of several inputs for the scale production of these monocultures, highlighting the herbicide 2,4-D and the insecticide fipronil as the most used pesticides in this crop, which, like other pesticides, can directly compromise and indirectly human health and the environment. The present thesis evaluated, in laboratory and in field studies (mesocosms), the effects of the herbicide 2,4-D and the insecticide fipronil (commercial formulations: 2,4-D: DMA® 806 BR (Dow AgroSciences Industrial Ltda., Brasil) and fipronil: Regent® 800 WG (BASF S.A), isolated and in mixtures, on the aquatic macrophytes Eichhornia crassipes, Glyceria maxima, Landoltia punctata, Myriophyllum aquaticum, Myriophyllum spicatum and Pistia stratiotes. The results showed that the concentrations reported by Companhia Ambiental from the State of São Paulo (CETESB) in 2018 of 2,4-D (366 μg/L) and fipronil (465 μg/L) affect the macrophytes L. punctata and M. aquaticum, inhibiting growth by up to 44% and biomass in 68% compared to control. Macrophytes G. maxima and M. spicatum (from temperate region) when exposed to 2,4-D, decline in biomass and growth are observed. However, the combination of tested environmentally real concentrations of fipronil and 2,4-D in mesocosms affect the growth of the stem and roots of the macrophytes E. crassipes and P. stratiotes and, the rates of richness and diversity of the macroinvertebrate community associated with the macrophytes. In conclusion, the presence of both pesticides, alone and in mixture, affects the growth, biomass and development of macrophytes, as well as the richness and diversity of the macroinvertebrate community.
 
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Publishing Date
2022-09-14
 
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