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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.18.1997.tde-24102022-183150
Document
Author
Full name
Paulo Damasceno Carvalho
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Carlos, 1997
Supervisor
Committee
Chaudhry, Fazal Hussain (President)
Marques, Marcelo Giulian
Porto, Rodrigo de Melo
Righetto, Antonio Marozzi
Souza, Podalyro Amaral de
Title in Portuguese
Aeração de escoamento de alta velocidade em canais de forte declividade
Keywords in Portuguese
aeração
aeradores de fundo
escoamento de alta velocidade
vertedores
Abstract in Portuguese
Abordou-se neste trabalho o fenômeno do arraste de ar promovido pelo escoamento de alta velocidade em canais de forte declividade através de dispositivos aeradores de fundo. Estes dispositivos têm sido empregados em vertedores e descargas de fundo de grandes barragens com a finalidade de prevenir a ocorrência da cavitação a jus ante de irregularidades das superfícies de contorno do escoamento. A bancada experimental construída propiciou a realização de ensaios para inclinações da canaleta de 3, 14, 30 e 45° e da rampa de lançamento do jato de O, 4, 6, 8 e 10°, sem e com degrau associado a jusante do aerador, apresentando grande flexibilidade e praticidade na alteração das configurações da rampa e da própria canaleta. Ensaios foram também realizados para as rampas dotadas de rugosidades "nula" (rampas lisas) a grosseira (rampas acentuadamente rugosas), sendo três as rugosidades intermediárias empregadas com a rampa de 4°. Finalmente, avaliou-se a influência da concentração média de ar do escoamento aerado a montante sobre o desempenho do aerador. Os resultados obtidos foram comparados entre si para as diversas configurações ensaiadas e confrontados com dados disponíveis de protótipos e modelos. Expressões empíricas foram ainda estabelecidas para o coeficiente de arraste de ar em função dos parâmetros adimensionais mais importantes envolvidos no fenômeno em estudo.
Title in English
Aeração de escoamento de alta velocidade em canais de forte declividade
Keywords in English
aeration
chute aerators
high velocity flow
spillway
Abstract in English
The phenomenon of the air entrainment promoted by the high velocity flow at steep slope channels through the aeration devices is discussed in this work. These devices have been used in spillways and bottom outlet works to prevent the occurrence of the cavitation downstream to irregularities of the flow contour surfaces. The experiments were conducted in the constructed test facility to laboratory channel slopes equal to 3, 14, 30 e 45° and to slopes o f the jet takeoff ramps equal to O, 4, 6, 8 e 10°, with and without associated step downstream of the aerator. The test facility showed a great flexibility and practicity in changing the ramp and channel configurations. Experiments were also carried out to the ramps arti:ficially made rough using not only smooth but also rough ramps. Three intermediate rugosities were imposed to the 4° ramp. Finally, it was analyzed the influence of the mean air concentration of the upstream aerated flow on the performance of the aerator. The results were compared among several experimented configurations and they were confronted to the disponible data of prototypes and models. Y et, empirical equations were established to the air entrainment coefficient written as a function of the most important adimensional parameters involved in the phenomenon.
 
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Publishing Date
2022-10-24
 
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