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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.18.2022.tde-20062022-104036
Document
Author
Full name
Ana Paula Gonçalves
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Carlos, 2022
Supervisor
Committee
Schalch, Valdir (President)
Pugliesi, Érica
Rutkowski, Jacqueline Elizabeth
Title in Portuguese
Desafios para redução das embalagens plásticas de alimentos pós-consumo nos rejeitos da coleta seletiva: um estudo de caso em uma cooperativa no município de Assis – SP
Keywords in Portuguese
Barreiras e limitações para a reciclagem de plásticos
Cooperativas de catadores
Embalagens plásticas pós-consumo
Gerenciamento de resíduos domiciliares
Abstract in Portuguese
O aumento da geração de Embalagens Plásticas de Alimento Pós-Consumo (EPAPC), aliado a destinação inadequada tornam esses resíduos fonte de impactos negativos: ambientais, sociais e econômicos. Diante desse cenário, o objetivo deste trabalho foi compreender os desafios de gerenciamento desses resíduos, com foco na realidade da COOCASSIS, uma cooperativa localizada no município de Assis - São Paulo, e encontrar estratégias para redução das EPAPC nos rejeitos. Os métodos adotados contemplaram: entrevistas com integrantes da diretoria da cooperativa e com representantes de cada etapa operacional, observação participante e não participante destas etapas e análise documental de registros da cooperativa. Além disso, foram realizadas entrevistas com duas cooperativas referência no estado de São Paulo e com responsáveis por programas de logística reversa (LR) de EPAPC. Os resultados apontam que o principal desafio na coleta é a ausência de um programa de educação ambiental, que se implementado poderia auxiliar na redução do rejeito. Quanto a triagem, os principais desafios identificados foram: sobrecarga da equipe; ausência de capacitação e dificuldade dos cooperados na separação de EPAPC, que impactam no aumento de EPAPC no rejeito. Referente a comercialização, os desafios variam de acordo com o tipo de EPAPC e são influenciados pelas características do material, distância entre a cooperativa e os compradores, quantidade e qualidade do material e oscilação de preços. Esses fatores determinam se a EPAPC será comercializada ou destinada como rejeito. As entrevistas com as cooperativas referência mostraram que os desafios enfrentados por elas são similares aos da COOCASSIS, porém, elas possuem parcerias com programas de LR para 3 EPAPC não comercializadas na COOCASSIS. As entrevistas com os responsáveis por esses programas permitiram a análise de viabilidade da participação da COOCASSIS, apenas um programa (isopor) foi considerado viável pela cooperativa, que aderiu ao mesmo por indicação desse estudo. Conclui-se que as EPAPC desafiadoras para a COOCASSIS são um problema global, acentuado por falhas nos modelos de implementação de LR no Brasil.as nos modelos de implementação de LR no Brasil.
Title in English
Challenges to reduce post-consumer food plastic packaging in selective collection waste: a case study in a cooperative in the city of Assis – SP
Keywords in English
Barriers and limitations for recycling plastics
Household waste management
Post-consumer plastic packaging
Waste pickers\' cooperatives
Abstract in English
The increase in the generation of Post-Consumer Plastic Food Packaging (PCFPP), combined with inadequate disposal, make these residues a source of negative impacts: environmental, social and economic. Given this scenario, the objective of this work was to understand the challenges of managing this waste, focusing on the reality of a cooperative in the state of São Paulo, and looking for strategies to reduce PCFPP in rejects. The methodologies adopted included: interviews with members of the cooperative's board of directors and with representatives of each operational stage, participant and non-participant observation of these stages and documental analysis of the cooperative's records. In addition, interviews were conducted with reference cooperatives in the state of São Paulo and with those responsible for PCFPP reverse logistics (RL) programs. The results indicate that the main challenge in the collection is the absence of an environmental education program, which if implemented could help to reduce the rejects. Regarding the sorting, the main challenges identified were: team overload; lack of training and difficulty of the cooperative members in separating PCFPP, which impact the increase of PCFPP in the rejects. Regarding marketing, the challenges vary according to the type of PCFPP and are influenced by the characteristics of the material, the distance between the cooperative and buyers, quantity and quality of material and price fluctuations. These factors determine if the PCFPP will be commercialized or destined as rejects. The interviews with the reference cooperatives showed that the challenges they face are similar to those of COOCASSIS, however, they have partnerships with RL programs for 3 PCFPP not commercialized in COOCASSIS. The interviews with those responsible for these programs allowed the analysis of the feasibility of the participation of COOCASSIS, only one program (Styrofoam) was considered viable by the cooperative, which adhered to it by indication of this study. It is concluded that the PCFPP challenge for COOCASSIS is a global problem, accentuated by flaws in the RL implementation models in Brazil.
 
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Publishing Date
2022-06-22
 
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