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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.18.2005.tde-24052024-112421
Document
Author
Full name
Leandro Alves Neves
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Carlos, 2005
Supervisor
Committee
Slaets, Annie France Frere (President)
Costa, Luciano da Fontoura
Germano, Fernao Stella de Rodrigues
Marques, Paulo Mazzoncini de Azevedo
Trad, Clovis Simao
Title in Portuguese
Modelagem computacional das estruturas torácicas, pulmonares e simulação de suas imagens radiográficas
Keywords in Portuguese
doenças pulmonares
estruturas pulmonares
modelagem computacional
simulação radiográfica
Abstract in Portuguese
A eficiência tanto dos sistemas de aquisição das imagens radiográficas, quanto dos sistemas de apoio ao diagnóstico (SAD) é averiguada atualmente por meio de fantomas ou imagens selecionadas pelo pesquisador, prejudicando a confiabilidade de avaliação. Neste trabalho é proposto um algoritmo, implementado em linguagem C, para modelar as estruturas torácicas e pulmonares, flexível suficiente para representar as variações anatômicas e algumas doenças, além de simular suas imagens radiográficas. As estruturas, representadas por cilindros e esferas, são construídas pela técnica de sobreposição de camadas, sendo que uma camada pode ser entendida como uma fatia do objeto tridimensional. A caixa torácica é modelada utilizando pontos de controle interpolados por função B-Splines. As dimensões dos ramos aéreos e das artérias são calculadas a partir da distribuição de fluxo dos ramos pais para os ramos filhos e das características anatômicas dos pacientes. Um abcesso pulmonar é simulado interrompendo o crescimento dos ramos ao redor de uma região e adotando para essa área densidade radiológica específica. Nos padrões intersticiais, o processo inflamatório é representado aumentando a espessura das paredes dos cilindros que simulam os bronquíolos. Os resultados obtidos, avaliados por três especialistas, apresentam características compatíveis com anatomias reais e simulam adequadamente diferentes doenças pulmonares. O algoritmo também permitiu variar os contrastes radiológicos e as particularidades anatômicas, tornando o modelo mais completo do que os encontrados na literatura especializada. Essa versatilidade e nível de representação permitem verificar a influência dos parâmetros radiológicos, das características morfométricas e dos estágios da doença tanto sobre a qualidade das imagens, quanto sobre o desempenho dos SAD
Title in English
Computational modeling of thoracic structures, pulmonary and simulation of their radiographic lmages
Keywords in English
computational modeling
pulmonary diseases
pulmonary structures
radiographic simulation
Abstract in English
The efficiency of systems for radiographic images acquisition, as well as for computer aided diagnosis (CAD) is verified currently by means of phantoms or images selected by the researcher, damaging the reliability of the evaluation. In this workan algorithm, which was implemented in C-language, is proposed to model the thoracic and pulmonary structures. This algorithm is flexible enough to represent anatomical variations and even some diseases, being capable of simulating their radiographic images. The structures, represented by cylinders and spheres, are built by the overlapping layers method, where a layer can be understood as a slice of the three-dimensional object. The thoracic box is modeled using control points interpolated by a B-Splines function. The dimensions of airways and arteries branches are calculated based on the flow distribution from parents to sibling branches, as well as on the patients' anatomical characteristics. A pulmonary abscess is simulated by interrupting the growth of the branches around a region and considering a specific radiological density for this area. The inflammatory process is represented in the interstitial patterns by an increase in the thickness of the cylinders walls which simulate the bronchioles. The results obtained, evaluated by three specialists, present characteristics compatible with real anatomies and simulate adequately different pulmonary diseases. The algorithm also permitted to vary the radiological contrasts and the anatomical particularities, becoming the most complete model among those found in the specialized literature. This versatility and the degree of representation allow the verification of the influence of radiological parameters, morphometric peculiarities and stage of the diseases on the quality of the images, as well as on the performance of the CAD
 
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Publishing Date
2024-05-24
 
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