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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.17.2022.tde-03012023-112127
Document
Author
Full name
Rômulo Torres Oliveira Cavalcanti
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Ribeirão Preto, 2022
Supervisor
Committee
Tumas, Vitor (President)
Guimaraes, Elaine Aparecida Del Bel Belluz
Lobato, Bruno Lopes dos Santos
Title in Portuguese
Estudo piloto para verificar a segurança e a eficácia da doxiciclina no tratamento das discinesias induzidas pela levodopa em pacientes com doença de Parkinson
Keywords in Portuguese
Discinesias induzidas pela levodopa
Doença de Parkinson
Doxiciclina
Abstract in Portuguese
A doença de Parkinson (DP) é uma das doenças neurodegenerativas mais prevalentes, caracterizada pela presença de sintomas motores clássicos (tremor de repouso, bradicinesia, rigidez e instabilidade postural). O tratamento sintomático é efetivo, mas o tratamento crônico com a levodopa está associado ao aparecimento das complicações motoras, que inclui as discinesias induzidas pela levodopa (DIL). As DIL são um problema clínico frequente e importante no curso do tratamento da DP com morbidade significativa, e não existe ainda um tratamento muito eficaz para o seu controle. Assim, iniciativas buscando desenvolver intervenções eficazes para esse problema clínico são importantes. Novas evidências mostram que a fisiopatologia das DIL estaria associada à ativação de processos inflamatórios no sistema nervoso central. O aumento na presença de astrócitos e micróglia, ativados, assim como de citocinas pró-inflamatórias, como o TNF-α, IL-6 e IL-1β, no estriado de animais submetidos ao modelo experimental de discinesia embasa esta hipótese. Além disso, agentes anti-inflamatórios, como corticosteroides e antagonistas de receptor de citocinas, induziram redução dos movimentos discinéticos nestes modelos animais. A doxiciclina é uma droga de efeito antimicrobiano, mas com propriedade de inibição de metaloproteinases da matriz extracelular e com atividade antioxidante e anti-inflamatória no sistema nervoso central. Em estudos experimentais a droga reduziu as DIL em roedores. Seu uso clínico crônico por via oral é padronizado para várias doenças humanas como a malária e a rosácea, apresentando boa margem de segurança. Por isso, consideramos a possibilidade de que o tratamento com doxiciclina oral pudesse reduzir as DIL em pacientes com DP, sem causar eventos adversos significativos. Realizamos um estudo piloto, fase II, aberto, não-controlado, de intervenção terapêutica, utilizando a doxiciclina em doses de 200mg/dia, em pacientes com DP apresentando DIL. O objetivo foi verificar se a droga reduziria as DIL avaliadas: pela escala unificada de avaliação das discinesias (Unified Dyskinesia Rating Scale - UDysRS) e pelo diário motor, após 12 semanas de tratamento. Nós incluímos e tratamos 8 pacientes, e observamos redução significativa do escore global da UdysRS (Friedman's X2 = 9.6, p = 0.008) e no tempo ON com discinesias problemáticas (Friedman's X2 = 10.8, p = 0.004) em relação às avaliações iniciais. Não observamos piora do parkinsonismo e nem efeitos adversos importantes. Concluímos que a doxiciclina parece segura e pode ser eficaz em reduzir as DIL em pacientes com DP.
Title in English
Pilot study to verify the safety and efficacy of doxycycline in the treatment of levodopa-induced dyskinesias in patients with Parkinson's disease
Keywords in English
Doxycycline
Levodopa-induced dyskinesias
Parkinson's disease
Abstract in English
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases, characterized by the presence of classic motor symptoms (rest tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity and postural instability). Symptomatic treatment is effective, but chronic treatment with levodopa is associated with the onset of motor complications, which include levodopa-induced dyskinesias (LID). LIDs are a frequent and important clinical problem in the course of treatment of PD with significant morbidity, and there is still no very effective treatment for their control. Thus, initiatives seeking to develop effective interventions for this clinical problem are important. New evidence shows that the pathophysiology of LID would be associated with the activation of inflammatory processes in the central nervous system. The increase in the presence of activated astrocytes and microglia, as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β, in the striatum of animals submitted to the experimental model of dyskinesia supports this hypothesis. In addition, anti-inflammatory agents, such as corticosteroids and cytokine receptor antagonists, induced a reduction in dyskinetic movements in these animal models. Doxycycline is a drug with an antimicrobial effect, but with the property of inhibiting metalloproteinases in the extracellular matrix and with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity in the central nervous system. In experimental studies the drug reduced LID in rodents. Its chronic clinical use by oral route is standardized for several human diseases such as malaria and rosacea, presenting a good margin of safety. Therefore, we considered the possibility that oral doxycycline treatment could reduce LID in PD patients without causing significant adverse events. We carried out a pilot, phase II, open-label, uncontrolled, therapeutic intervention study using doxycycline at doses of 200mg/day in PD patients with LID. The objective was to verify if the drug would reduce the LID assessed: by the Unified Dyskinesia Rating Scale (UDysRS) and by the motor diary, after 12 weeks of treatment. We enrolled and treated 8 patients, and observed a significant reduction in the overall UdysRS score (Friedman's X2 = 9.6, p = 0.008) and ON time with problematic dyskinesias (Friedman's X2 = 10.8, p = 0.004) compared to baseline assessments. We did not observe worsening of parkinsonism and no significant adverse effects. We conclude that doxycycline appears safe and may be effective in reducing LID in patients with PD.
 
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Publishing Date
2023-01-11
 
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