• JoomlaWorks Simple Image Rotator
  • JoomlaWorks Simple Image Rotator
  • JoomlaWorks Simple Image Rotator
  • JoomlaWorks Simple Image Rotator
  • JoomlaWorks Simple Image Rotator
  • JoomlaWorks Simple Image Rotator
  • JoomlaWorks Simple Image Rotator
  • JoomlaWorks Simple Image Rotator
  • JoomlaWorks Simple Image Rotator
  • JoomlaWorks Simple Image Rotator
 
  Bookmark and Share
 
 
Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.17.2023.tde-05012024-141422
Document
Author
Full name
Claudia Mota Leite Barbosa Monteiro
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Ribeirão Preto, 2023
Supervisor
Committee
Pontes, Lorena Lôbo de Figueiredo (President)
Fonseca, Benedito Antonio Lopes da
Silva, Saulo Brito
Title in Portuguese
Prevalência e perfil clínico-epidemiológico da COVID-19 em pacientes oncológicos do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo
Keywords in Portuguese
Câncer
COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2
Abstract in Portuguese
A COVID-19 é uma infecção causada pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2, descrita inicialmente no final de 2019. Desde então, acometeu uma grande parcela da população mundial devido à sua alta transmissibilidade. Em geral, cursa sem alterações clínicas ou com sintomas leves, porém pode ocasionar quadros graves com síndrome respiratória aguda grave, choque, lesão renal, injúria miocárdica e até morte. Essas manifestações parecem mais comuns em indivíduos com comorbidades, como hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) e diabetes mellitus (DM). Entretanto, há poucos estudos que esclareçam sua história natural e o grande espectro de manifestações clínicas. Considerando que indivíduos com neoplasia maligna apresentam deficiência imunológica e maior risco de doenças infeciosas oportunistas, aventou-se a possibilidade de que houvesse maior prevalência da COVID-19 nesse grupo. As recomendações de especialistas inicialmente orientavam adiar o tratamento da neoplasia e/ou utilizar drogas menos mielotóxicas quando possível. Entretanto, não se sabia o quanto tais medidas teriam implicações na mortalidade por câncer. Além de a prevalência nessa população não ser conhecida, a evolução e desfecho também não eram. Não se sabia se os sintomas infecciosos eram um bom parâmetro para motivar mudanças terapêuticas ou se havia benefício em testar indivíduos assintomáticos. Nesse contexto, foi realizado um estudo observacional, transversal, e descritivo, a fim de determinar a prevalência da COVID-19 em pacientes com câncer, sintomáticos e assintomáticos, do Hospital das Clínicas da FMRP, bem como descrever a evolução da infecção nesse grupo e avaliar quais fatores estavam associados com piores desfechos clínicos. Foram incluídos 322 pacientes com câncer, sendo que 99 permaneceram assintomáticos e 223 apresentaram sintomas sugestivos de COVID-19 no período do estudo. Dentre os incluídos, 63 indivíduos apresentaram teste (RT-PCR) positivo para COVID-19, sendo a prevalência em sintomáticos 27,8% (IC 95%, 27,4-28,1) e a prevalência em assintomáticos 1% (IC 95%, 0,8-1,2). A análise descritiva mostrou que 63,5% eram homens e que 55% tinham entre 50-69 anos; 75% apresentavam tumor sólido, sendo 47% com neoplasia do trato gastrointestinal. A maioria dos pacientes (80%) havia recebido o diagnóstico de câncer nos últimos dois anos e 80% apresentavam ECOG 0 ou 1. A presença de comorbidades foi observada em 59% dos casos, com destaque para HAS (33%), DM (16%) e cardiopatia (14%). Dentre os pacientes com COVID-19 confirmada, 98,4% eram sintomáticos. Dentre estes, 50% necessitaram de internação, sendo 11,3% em UTI; 40,3% receberam oxigenoterapia, 11,3% ventilação mecânica e 9,7% drogas vasoativas; e 22,2% evoluíram com óbito. Pacientes do sexo masculino ou com DM apresentaram risco aumentado para internação, enquanto aqueles com HAS ou realizando profilaxia infecciosa apresentaram mais chance de admissão na UTI. Foi observada associação entre maior escore ECOG e maior taxa mortalidade. Já a quimioterapia foi fator de proteção para os desfechos de internação e de morte. Apenas uma paciente assintomática foi diagnosticada com COVID-19. Ela teve seu tratamento postergado e reiniciado após o período apropriado de isolamento sem prejuízo clínico. Diante dos resultados encontrados, principalmente a baixa prevalência em pacientes assintomáticos, acreditamos que seja razoável não testar todos os pacientes quando não houver o recurso para tal, priorizando aqueles com maior risco de infecção e aqueles com maior chance de desfecho grave, desde que as medidas preventivas sejam adotadas adequadamente.
Title in English
COVID-19 prevalence and clinical-epidemiologic profile in cancer patients at the Hospital das Clínicas of FMRP-USP
Keywords in English
Cancer
COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2
Abstract in English
COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, which was first described at the end of 2019. Since then, the disease has affected a great part of the world's population due to its high transmissibility. Most patients are asymptomatic or present with mild symptoms, but some may develop severe acute respiratory syndrome, acute kidney injury, shock, myocardial injury, and even death. Severe cases seem to occur more frequently in patients with comorbidities, such as systemic arterial hypertension and diabetes. However, there are few studies that elucidate the natural history of the disease and its broad clinical spectrum. Since individuals with malignancies have an immunological deficiency and are more prone to opportunistic infections, it was plausible that this group presented a higher prevalence of COVID-19. Oncology specialists' initial recommendations advised postponing cancer treatment and/or using less toxic drugs whenever possible. However, it was unknown how much these measures could affect cancer mortality. Also, the prevalence of COVID-19 in this population was undetermined. We did not know if infectious symptoms were good criteria for therapeutic changes or if there was any benefit in testing asymptomatic patients. In this context, an observational cross-sectional study was conducted to determine COVID-19 prevalence in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with cancer at the Hospital das Clínicas of FMRP-USP, to describe patients' evolution and to evaluate which features could be associated with worse clinical outcomes. 322 patients with cancer were included, 99 were asymptomatic and 223 had symptoms that could suggest COVID-19. Among all, 63 tested positive for COVID-19 by RT-PCR with a prevalence of 27,8% (CI 95%, 27,4-28,1) in symptomatic and 1% (CI 95%, 0,8-1,2) in asymptomatic patients. The descriptive analysis showed that 63,5% were men, 55% were between 50 and 69 years-old, 75% had solid tumors, and 47% had gastrointestinal cancer. Most of the patients (80%) had been diagnosed with cancer in the last two years and 80% had ECOG score of 0 or 1. A coexisting condition was observed in 59%, such as systemic arterial hypertension (33%), diabetes (16%), and heart disease (14%). Among those with confirmed COVID-19, 98,4% were symptomatic, of which 50% were admitted to the hospital and 11,3% needed ICU stay; 40,3% received oxygen support, 11,3% needed mechanical ventilation and 9,7% needed vasoactive drugs; 22,2% died. Male patients or those with diabetes had an increased risk for hospitalization, whereas those with hypertension or taking infectious prophylaxis were more prone to ICU admission. An association between higher ECOG score, and mortality was observed. On the other hand, chemotherapy reduced the chance of hospital admission and death. Only one asymptomatic patient was diagnosed with COVID-19 and had treatment postponed and reinitiated after the appropriate isolation period without any clinical harm. Given the results described, we believe that not testing every asymptomatic patient in low-resource settings is reasonable if the appropriate preventive measures are being taken and that it is acceptable to prioritize testing of those at greater risk for infection and those more prone to severe outcomes.
 
WARNING - Viewing this document is conditioned on your acceptance of the following terms of use:
This document is only for private use for research and teaching activities. Reproduction for commercial use is forbidden. This rights cover the whole data about this document as well as its contents. Any uses or copies of this document in whole or in part must include the author's name.
There are withheld file due to requirements (data publishing, patents or rights).
Release Date
2025-09-18
Publishing Date
2024-03-20
 
WARNING: Learn what derived works are clicking here.
All rights of the thesis/dissertation are from the authors
CeTI-SC/STI
Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations of USP. Copyright © 2001-2024. All rights reserved.