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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.17.2022.tde-17082022-155446
Document
Author
Full name
Fernanda Ursoli Ferreira Rodrigues
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Ribeirão Preto, 2021
Supervisor
Committee
Covas, Dimas Tadeu (President)
Ferraz, Emanuela Prado
Luzo, Angela Cristina Malheiros
Pontes, Lorena Lôbo de Figueiredo
Title in Portuguese
Investigação de diferentes fontes de células-tronco mesenquimais da medula óssea e biomateriais para a geração de ossículos humanizados funcionais in vivo
Keywords in Portuguese
Biomateriais
Células-tronco mesenquimais
Nicho hematopoiético heterotópico
Ossículo humanizado
Abstract in Portuguese
O nicho hematopoiético fornece um microambiente adequado para as células-tronco hematopoiéticas (CTHs) residirem, e é responsável pelo destino destas células quanto à quiescência, autorrenovação e diferenciação. Neste nicho, diferentes tipos celulares (células endoteliais, estromais, osteoblastos, entre outros), fatores solúveis e concentração de oxigênio cooperam para dar suporte às CTHs e hematopoese. Pouco é conhecido sobre a identidade dos tipos celulares que compõem o microambiente hematopoiético in vivo. Sabe-se que células-tronco mesenquimais (CTMs) são capazes de dar suporte às CTHs. As CTMs são definidas como uma população clonogênica, multipotente, podendo se diferenciar ex vivo em células da linhagem mesenquimal. Embora encontradas em vários tecidos, elas foram primeiramente isoladas da medula óssea (MO), onde estão presentes em diferentes compartimentos do nicho medular, podendo ser encontradas na região perivascular da MO bem como próxima ao endósteo. Sendo assim, as CTMs residentes no nicho hematopoiético podem representar duas populações com características distintas para dar suporte às CTHs durante a hematopoese. Nas últimas décadas, diferentes tipos celulares têm sido cultivados em cultivo 3D com biomateriais/scaffolds e implantados in vivo visando a geração de modelos de organoides (micro tecidos) a fim de recapitular o comportamento destes tecidos para estudos de morfogênese e função. Portanto, é relevante adaptar o cultivo de CTMs humanas em biomateriais que mimetizam a estrutura do microambiente da CTH in vivo, e induzir a formação de um ossículo humanizado (hOss) contendo nicho heterotópico in vivo para recapitular um microambiente de MO humanizado. Este tipo de modelo permite melhorar o cenário dos estudos de xenotransplante com células hematopoiéticas sadias e malignas. Assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo produzir um hOss heterotópico a partir de CTMs humanas da MO e osso esponjoso cultivadas com células endoteliais e biomateriais osteocondutores. Tal conhecimento proporcionará entender a regulação das CTHs mediada pelo nicho, podendo, futuramente, ajudar no melhoramento das respostas clínicas dos transplantes de MO.
Title in English
Investigation of different sources of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and biomaterials for the generation of functional humanized ossicles in vivo
Keywords in English
Biomaterials
Heterotopic hematopoietic niche
Humanized ossicle
Mesenchymal stem cells
Abstract in English
The hematopoietic niche provides a suitable microenvironment for hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) to reside, and is responsible for the fate of these cells in terms of quiescence, self-renewal and differentiation. In the niche, different cell types (endothelial, stromal, osteoblast cells, among others), soluble factors and oxygen concentration cooperate to support HSC and hematopoiesis. Little is known about the identity of the cell types that make up the hematopoietic microenvironment in vivo. It is known that mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are capable of supporting HSC. MSC are defined as a clonogenic, multipotent population that can differentiate ex vivo into mesenchymal lineage cells. Although found in several tissues, they were first isolated from the bone marrow (BM), where they are present in different compartments of the medullary niche, and can also be found in the perivascular region of the BM as well as close to the endosteum. Therefore, MSC residing in the hematopoietic niche may represent two populations with distinct characteristics to support HSC during hematopoiesis. In recent decades, different cell types have been cultivated in 3D culture with biomaterials/scaffolds and implanted in vivo aiming at the generation of organoid models (micro tissues) in order to recapitulate the behavior of these tissues for studies of morphogenesis and function. Therefore, it is relevant to adapt the cultivation of human MSC in biomaterials that mimic the structure of the HSC microenvironment in vivo, and induce the formation of a humanized ossicle (hOss) containing heterotopic niche in vivo to recapitulate a humanized BM microenvironment. This kind of model improves the scenario of xenotransplantation studies of healthy and malignant hematopoietic cells. Thus, this work aims to produce a heterotopic hOss from human MSC from BM and trabecular bone cultivated with endothelial cells and osteoconductive biomaterials. Such knowledge will provide an understanding of the niche-mediated regulation of HSC, which may help, in the future, to improve the clinical responses of BM transplants.
 
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Publishing Date
2022-08-17
 
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