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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.17.2022.tde-10042023-163822
Document
Author
Full name
Patrick Fernandes da Silva
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Ribeirão Preto, 2022
Supervisor
Committee
Frantz, Fabiani Gai (President)
Almeida, Fausto Bruno dos Reis
Oliveira, Leandro Licursi de
Wowk, Pryscilla Fanini
Title in Portuguese
O papel das vesículas extracelulares na ativação de células dendríticas humanas durante a infecção por Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Keywords in Portuguese
Ativação celular
Atraso da resposta imune
Vesículas extracelulares
Abstract in Portuguese
Até o ano de 2019, a tuberculose era a doença infectocontagiosa mais letal do mundo, causando aproximadamente 1,4 milhões de mortes por ano. A resposta efetiva contra a doença é dependente da resposta imune celular adaptativa bem estruturada, que auxilie as células infectadas a eliminar o micro-organismo em seu interior. Contudo, já foi observado que nos pacientes com tuberculose ativa a indução da resposta atrasa de 12 a 14 dias. Por esse motivo acredita-se que a resposta formada com atraso não é suficiente para conter a infecção, que se multiplica na ausência da imunidade adaptativa efetora no pulmão. As vesículas extracelulares, entre tantas funções, já foram descritas pelo seu papel imunomodulador. Nesse trabalho, nosso objetivo foi entender como as vesículas secretadas por monócitos infectados com Mycobacterium tuberculosis atuam sobre as células dendríticas. Células dendríticas cultivadas na presença de vesículas derivadas de monócitos previamente infectados com Mtb (H37Rv) tiveram expressão prejudicada de receptores TLR2 e TLR4, que por sua vez levaram à redução na fosforilação de NFκB e, consequentemente, alteraram a produção de citocinas importantes para a resposta imunológica. As células dendríticas tiveram também diminuição no índice de autofagia, um importante mecanismo para o controle da infecção. Sugerimos que vesículas extracelulares liberadas por células infectadas podem induzir a ativação de mecanismos relacionados ao aumento da suscetibilidade durante a tuberculose, demonstrando assim o papel imunomodulador das vesículas derivadas de monócitos durante a progressão da doença.
Title in English
The role of extracellular vesicles in the activation of human dendritic cells during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection
Keywords in English
Cell activation
Delayed immune response
Extracellular vesicles
Abstract in English
Until 2019, tuberculosis was the most lethal infectious disease in the world, causing approximately 1.4 million deaths per year. The effective response against the disease is dependent on the well-structured adaptive cellular immune response, which helps the infected cells to eliminate the microorganism inside them. However, it has already been observed that in patients with active tuberculosis, the induction of the response is delayed by 12 to 14 days. For this reason, it is believed that the delayed response is not sufficient to contain the infection that multiplies in the absence of adaptive effector immunity in the lung. Extracellular vesicles, among many functions, have already been described for their immunomodulatory role. In this work, our objective was to understand how the vesicles secreted by monocytes infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis act on dendritic cells. Dendritic cells, cultured in the presence of vesicles derived from monocytes previously infected with Mtb (H37Rv) had impaired expression of TLR2 and TLR4 receptors, which in turn led to a reduction in NFκB phosphorylation and, consequently, altered the production of cytokines important for the immune response. Dendritic cells also had a decrease in autophagy index, an important mechanism for infection control. We suggest that extracellular vesicles released by infected cells may induce the activation of mechanisms related to increased susceptibility during tuberculosis, thus demonstrating the immunomodulatory role of monocyte-derived vesicles during disease progression.
 
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Publishing Date
2023-04-17
 
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