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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.17.2022.tde-06022023-112016
Document
Author
Full name
Camilla Narjara Simão Oliveira
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Ribeirão Preto, 2022
Supervisor
Committee
Cardoso, Cristina Ribeiro de Barros (President)
Passaglia, Rita de Cassia Aleixo Tostes
Rodrigues Junior, Virmondes
Title in Portuguese
O dimorfismo sexual e regulação imunoendócrina na COVID-19
Keywords in Portuguese
Andrógenos
COVID-19
Dimorfismo sexual
Inflamação
SARS-CoV-2
Testosterona
Abstract in Portuguese
A COVID-19 afeta desproporcionalmente os homens, que são mais propensos a desenvolver complicações após a infecção com SARS-CoV-2 e representam a maioria dos casos graves e que culminam em morte. Essa discrepância é atribuída a variações hormonais e diferenças influenciadas pelo sexo biológico nas respostas imunes. Neste estudo foram avaliadas as interações imunoendócrinas que ditam as diferentes apresentações clínicas da COVID-19 e comorbidades relacionadas ao agravamento da doença. A avaliação de uma coorte local de pacientes gerou um grande conjunto de dados analisados a partir de exames clínicos e de sangue, capazes de informar sobre a gravidade da doença. A partir destes dados, foram quantificados mediadores imunológicos e endócrinos, além da investigação de suas correlações em controles e pacientes infectados. Análises estatísticas consideraram fatores confundidores para analisar o papel dos andrógenos na COVID-19. Os resultados mostraram que homens infectados com SARS-CoV-2 apresentaram maior escore clínico da doença e tiveram tempo maior de hospitalização. De forma geral, os pacientes com COVID-19 grave apresentaram neutrofilia e linfopenia, além da redução de monócitos, eosinófilos e basófilos circulantes. Homens infectados com SARS-CoV-2 tiveram seus níveis de mediadores inflamatórios aumentados (IL-6, IL-8, mas também IL-10) e inversamente correlacionados com os níveis de testosterona, que foram reduzidos na doença grave, independentemente da idade, diabetes, hipertensão, tabagismo, obesidade, outras doenças cardiovasculares ou pulmonares. Houve tendência importante ao aumento dos níveis de di-hidrotestosterona (DHT) nos homens com COVID-19, de forma contrária à redução de testosterona. Finalmente, os níveis de testosterona foram inversamente correlacionados aos escores de gravidade da COVID-19 em homens, mas não em mulheres. Em conclusão, os dados apontam para a junção de parâmetros imunoendócrinos que podem levar ao agravamento da COVID-19 no sexo masculino, o que corrobora para o melhor entendimento da doença e manejo diferencial da COVID-19 entre homens e mulheres infectados pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2.
Title in English
Sexual dimorphism and immunoendocrine regulation in COVID-19
Keywords in English
Androgens
COVID-19
Inflammation
SARS-CoV-2
Sexual dimorphism
Testosterone
Abstract in English
COVID-19 disproportionately affects men, who are more likely to develop complications after infection with SARS-CoV-2 and account for the majority of severe cases and fatalities. This discrepancy is attributed to hormonal variations and biological sex-influenced differences in immune responses. In this study, the immunoendocrine interactions that dictate the different clinical presentations of COVID-19 and comorbidities related to the worsening of the disease were evaluated. The evaluation of a local cohort of patients generated a large set of data analyzed from clinical and blood tests, capable to inform about the severity of the disease. From these data, immunological and endocrine mediators were quantified, in addition to investigating their correlations in controls and infected patients. Statistical analyzes considered confounding factors to analyze the role of androgens in COVID-19. The results showed that men infected with SARS-CoV-2 had a higher clinical disease score and had more time of hospitalization. Overall, patients with severe COVID-19 had neutrophilia and lymphopenia, in addition to reduced circulating monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. Men infected with SARS-CoV-2 had their levels of inflammatory mediators increased (IL-6, IL-8, but also IL-10) and inversely correlated with testosterone levels, which were reduced in severe disease, regardless of age, diabetes, hypertension, smoking, obesity, other cardiovascular or lung diseases. There was a significant trend towards an increase in dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels in men with COVID-19, as opposed to a reduction in testosterone. Finally, testosterone levels were inversely correlated with COVID-19 severity scores in men but not in women. In conclusion, the data point to the combination of immunoendocrine parameters that can lead to the aggravation of COVID-19 in males, which corroborates for a better understanding of the disease and differential management of COVID-19 between men and women infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
 
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Publishing Date
2023-02-08
 
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