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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.17.2007.tde-01082023-111618
Document
Author
Full name
Cláudia de Oliveira Baraldi
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Ribeirão Preto, 2007
Supervisor
Committee
Cavalli, Ricardo de Carvalho (President)
Lanchote, Vera Lucia
Reis, Rosana Maria dos
Title in Portuguese
Farmacocinética e análise da transferência placentária da metformina em gestantes com síndrome dos ovários policísticos
Keywords in Portuguese
Farmacocinética
Gestação
Metformina
Síndrome dos ovários policísticos
Transferência placentária
Abstract in Portuguese
A Síndrome dos Ovários Policísticos (SOP) é a endocrinopatia ginecológica mais freqüente no menacne, com prevalência variando entre 3 e 17%. A metformina pertence ao grupo das biguanidas, uma classe de drogas antidiabéticas orais e tem sido utilizada com freqüência no tratamento de pacientes com SOP com obtenção de benefícios relevantes. O uso de metformina durante toda a gestação, por gestantes com SOP, reduz significativamente o número de abortos espontâneos de primeiro trimestre, a taxa de ocorrência de diabetes gestacional e de síndromes hipertensivas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar a farmacocinética e a análise da transferência placentária da metformina em gestantes com síndrome dos ovários policísticos. Foram avaliadas nove gestantes com SOP, em uso de metformina 850mg via oral, de 12/12 horas e foram submetidas à avaliação da concentração plasmática por um período de oito horas no terceiro trimestre da gestação e submetidas a avaliação no momento do parto. Foram coletadas amostras sangüíneas maternas nos tempos 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 240, 300, 360, 420 e 480 minutos e amostras de sangue materno e do cordão umbilical no momento do parto para determinação das concentrações de metformina por cromatografia. Determinadas as concentrações, foram traçadas as curvas de concentração em função do tempo e análise farmacocinética monocompartimental por intervalo de dose para a metformina, determinando-se t1/2, tmax, Cmax, AUC0-12, Cmédia, Flutuação, Cl/f e Vd/f. Com base nas concentrações maternas e fetais no momento do nascimento, foi determinada a relação feto/materna desse fármaco. Os parâmetros farmacocinéticos encontrados foram: mediana do t1/2 foi de 4,1 h e da tmax foi de 2,66 h. A mediana da Cmax foi de 1,17 µg/mL e da Cmédia de 0,51 µg/mL. A mediana da AUC0-12 foi de 6,15 µg.h/mL, do Cl/f foi de 138,12 L/h, do Vd/f foi de 755,82 L e da flutuação de 140,01%. No momento do parto, a concentração plasmática materna foi de 0,37 µg/mL e a fetal de 0,33 µg/mL, com relação feto/materna mediana de 0,74. O Cmax da metformina apresentou diminuição em relação a pacientes não gestantes, provavelmente em função do aumento do volume de distribuição e aumento da excreção renal decorrentes da gestação. Estes dados nos levam a atentar para a possível necessidade de aumento de dose durante a gestação. O estudo evidenciou transferência placentária da metformina em razões de aproximadamente 75%, alertando para a elevada transferência deste fármaco através da barreira placentária.
Title in English
Pharmacokinetics and analysis of placental transfer of metformin in pregnant women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Keywords in English
Metformin
Phamiacokinetics
Placental transfer
Polycystic ovary syndrome
Pregnancy
Abstract in English
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (POS) is the most frequent gynecologic endocrinopathy during menacme, with a prevalence ranging from 3 to 17%. Metformin, a drug belonging to the biguanide group, a class of oral antdiabetic drugs, has been frequently used for the treatment of patients with POS, with relevant benefits. The use of metformin throughout gestation by women with POS significantly reduced the number of spontaneous abortions during the first trimester and the rate of gestational diabetes and of hypertensive syndromes. The objective of the present study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics and the placental transfer of metformin in pregnant women with POS. Nine pregnant women with POS were evaluated. All were taking 850 mg metformin by the oral route every 12 hours and all were submitted to evaluation of plasma concentration for a period of 8 h during the third trimester of pregnancy and to evaluation at the time of delivery. Maternal blood samples were collected at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 240, 300, 360, 420 and 480 minutes and at the time of delivery, together with an umbilical cord sample for the determination of metformin concentration by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Concentration curves were then constructed as a function of time and of monocompartimental pharmacokinetic analysis by dose interval for metformin, with the determination of t1/2, tmax, Cmax, AUC0-12, Cmean, Fluctuation, Cl/f, and Vd/f. The fetal/matemal ratio of the drug was then determined on the basis of the maternal and fetal concentrations at birth. The pharmacokinetic parameters obtained were: median t1/2 4.1 h and mean tmax 2.66 h. Median Cmax was 1.17 µg/mL and median Cmean was 0.51 µg/mL. Median AUC0-12 was 6.15 µg.h/mL, median Cl/f was 138.12 L/h, median Vd/f was 755.82 L, and median fluctuation was 140.01%. At delivery, maternal plasma concentration was 0.37 µg/mL and fetal concentration was 0.33 pg/mL, with a median fetal/maternal ratio of 0.74. The Cmax of metformin was reduced compared to non-pregnant patients, probably caused by the increased volume of distribution and renal excretion due to the physiological changes of pregnancy. These data lead us to warn about the possibility of an increased dose during pregnancy. The AUC0-12 was reduced, with an increase in the volume of distribution and in clearance due to the physiological changes of pregnancy. The study demonstrated placental transfer of metformin at the rate of approximately 75%, thus alerting to the elevated transfer ofthis drug through the placental barrier.
 
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Publishing Date
2023-08-01
 
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