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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.17.2022.tde-08112022-171708
Document
Author
Full name
Rachel Samhan Martins
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Ribeirão Preto, 2022
Supervisor
Committee
Scrideli, Carlos Alberto (President)
Pianovski, Mara Albonei Dudeque
Cristofani, Lilian Maria
Manso, Paulo Henrique
Title in Portuguese
Incidência de efeitos tardios do tratamento oncológico em sobreviventes de câncer infanto-juvenil
Keywords in Portuguese
Câncer infantojuvenil
Efeitos tardios
Sobrevivência
Abstract in Portuguese
Introdução: A população de sobreviventes de câncer infantil (SCI) vem aumentando muito nas últimas décadas devido aos grandes avanços alcançados no tratamento oncológico. Esses pacientes podem desenvolver diversos efeitos tardios (ET) em decorrência da terapia que recebem. Este estudo teve como objetivos avaliar a incidência de ETs e identificar fatores de risco associados, em SCIs de um centro de oncologia pediátrica. Métodos: estudo de coorte retrospectiva com SCIs seguidos em ambulatório de efeitos tardios no período de 2002 a 2017, que receberam quimioterapia e/ou radioterapia. Foram coletados dados demográficos, antropométricos e clínicos. Casos de ETs foram definidos segundo diretrizes da área e classificados em graus 1-4. Realizada estatística descritiva dos dados e testes de hipóteses. Z-scores do índice de massa corpórea (IMC) dos indivíduos foram comparados entre 3 momentos: ao diagnóstico, ao término do tratamento e na avaliação mais recente. Resultados: foram incluídos 245 pacientes, com mediana de idade ao diagnóstico 7 anos, e ao recrutamento 16 anos, e mediana do tempo de seguimento foi 8,5 anos. Os diagnósticos mais frequentes foram: leucemia linfoblástica aguda (LLA), tumores de sistema nervoso central (SNC) e linfomas. A maior parte dos SCIs recebeu somente quimioterapia, e 33% foram irradiados. ETs ocorreram em 53,8% dos casos, e os de maior incidência foram sobrepeso/obesidade, perda auditiva e distúrbios da tireoide. Meduloblastoma, sarcoma de Ewing e demais tumores de SNC tiveram maior frequência de ETs. Em 66% dos casos, os ETs foram classificados como leves ou moderados. Houve associação entre realização de radioterapia e incidência de ETs, especialmente alterações de tireoide e baixa estatura. A prevalência de sobrepeso foi 24,4% e de obesidade 12,2%. Houve uma tendência de aumento dos Z-scores de IMC dos participantes após o tratamento, especialmente nas faixas etárias de 5-9 e 10-19 anos. Conclusão: a incidência de ETs observada é semelhante a de outros estudos publicados. O seguimento dos SCIs é altamente recomendado e pode trazer benefícios importantes a longo prazo. São necessários estudos adicionais sobre ETs no Brasil.
Title in English
Incidence of late effects of antineoplastic treatment in childhood cancer survivors
Keywords in English
Childhood cancer
Late effects
Survivorship
Abstract in English
Background: Childhood cancer survivors (CCS) population has increased importantly over the last decades due to major progress reached in the treatment of pediatric cancer. These survivors are at risk for multiple therapy-related late effects (LE). This study aims to assess LE incidence and to identify associated risk factors in a group of CCS from a Brazilian pediatric oncology center. Methods: Retrospective cohort study with CCSs seen in a long-term follow-up clinics from 2002 to 2017, who had received chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. Demographic, anthropometric and clinical data were assessed and analyzed as descriptive statistics and hypothesis tests. LE cases were defined according to specific guidelines and classified in grades one to four (mild to life threatening). Z-scores of participants´ body mass index (BMI) were compared between 3 moments: at diagnosis, at the end of treatment and at the most recent visit. Results: Final sample included 245 survivors; their median age at diagnosis was 7 years and median age at recruiting was 16 years. The median follow-up period was 8.5 years. Most frequent primary diagnosis was acute lymphoblastic leukemia, central nervous system (CNS) tumors and lymphomas. Most survivors received chemotherapy only, and 33% received radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy. LEs were identified in 53.8% of this cohort, including overweight/obesity (36.6%), hearing loss (34%) and thyroid gland abnormalities (32.8%). Medulloblastoma, Ewing sarcoma and other CNS tumors were the diseases with the highest incidences of LEs. In the majority of cases (66%), LEs were classified as mild or moderate. There was association between radiotherapy and incidence of LEs, especially thyroid gland abnormalities and short stature. Prevalence of overweight was 24.4% and prevalence of obesity was 12.2%. There was a trend towards an increase in the participants' BMI Z-scores after treatment, particularly in the 5-9 and 10-19 age groups. Conclusion: the observed incidence of LEs is similar to that of other previously published studies. Follow-up of survivors may have important long-term benefits. Additional studies on survivorship in Brazil are needed.
 
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Publishing Date
2022-11-23
 
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