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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.17.2020.tde-04012021-115039
Document
Author
Full name
Valeria Moro
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Ribeirão Preto, 2020
Supervisor
Committee
Ciampo, Luiz Antonio Del (President)
Germano, Carla Maria Ramos
Ued, Fábio da Veiga
Title in Portuguese
Características epidemiológicas e clínicas das crianças e adolescentes com sobrepeso e obesidade na primeira consulta no ambulatório de nutrologia da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Ribeirão Preto
Keywords in Portuguese
Abandono
Adolescente
Causas
Comorbidades
Consequências
Criança
Obesidade
Sobrepeso
Tratamento
Abstract in Portuguese
Introdução: A obesidade na infância e na adolescência se caracteriza por um grave problema de saúde pública e permanece como um grande desafio tanto pela doença em si quanto pelas comorbidades de início em fases precoces da vida e com persistência na idade adulta. Objetivos: Descrever as características epidemiológicas e clínicas das crianças e adolescentes com diagnóstico de sobrepeso e obesidade na primeira consulta no Ambulatório de Nutrologia da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Ribeirão Preto no período de 2013 a 2017. Casuística e Métodos: O estudo foi descritivo e retrospectivo com levantamento de dados de prontuários no total de 316 indivíduos que preencheram os critérios de inclusão. Resultados: Foi verificado que a maior parte dos indivíduos encaminhados eram adolescentes (64,6%), predomínio do sexo masculino (51,9%), e a grande maioria (95,6%) já apresentavam o diagnóstico de obesidade, mais frequente no sexo feminino nas crianças (52,3%) e no sexo masculino nos adolescentes (53,4%). Dentre as comorbidades referidas pelo profissional responsável pelo encaminhamento, apenas 2 adolescentes eram hipertensos, o que representa 0,6% do total. O diagnóstico de Dislipidemia foi referido em 37,3% do total, sendo que dentre esses, 28% eram crianças e 72% eram adolescentes. Quanto ao diagnóstico de Resistência à Insulina, 5,4% foram referenciados com esse diagnóstico, sendo que 88,2% eram adolescentes. Quanto ao hábito do consumo de refrigerante, menos de 2% referiram não consumir e 49,3% referiram beber mais de 3 vezes por semana, sendo que dentre esses, o consumo diário foi referido por 25%. Quanto ao hábito de fazer atividade física, mais de 30% não realizam nenhuma atividade física e apenas 13,5% referiram fazer mais de 3 vezes por semana. A taxa de abandono no primeiro ano de seguimento foi de 37% e no segundo ano apenas 15,8% mantiveram algum seguimento. Conclusões: O presente trabalho mostrou que a maior parte dos pacientes na primeira consulta é composta por adolescentes e a grande maioria já encaminhada com diagnóstico de obesidade e com hábitos inadequados com relação ao consumo de refrigerante e à atividade física. O abandono é frequente, sendo que a grande maioria desiste do tratamento. São necessárias políticas públicas mais eficazes para prevenção e tratamento do excesso de peso e maior atenção deve ser dada ao abandono, que se mostra como um diagnóstico que necessita ser mais bem estudado e tratado.
Title in English
Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of overweight and obese children and adolescents in the first consultation at the nutrology outpatient clinic of the Municipal Health Department of Ribeirão Preto
Keywords in English
Abandonment
Adolescent
Causes
Child
Comorbidities
Consequences
Obesity
Overweight
Treatment
Abstract in English
Introduction: Obesity in childhood and adolescence is characterized as a serious public health problem and remains a major challenge, both for the disease itself and for the comorbidities in the early stages of life and with persistence in adulthood. Objectives: To describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of children and adolescents diagnosed with overweight and obesity in the first consultation at the Nutrology Outpatient Clinic of the Municipal Health Department of Ribeirão Preto from 2013 to 2017. Sample and Methods: The study was descriptive and retrospective with data from medical records in a total of 316 individuals who met the inclusion requirements. Results: It was verified that most of the individuals referred were adolescents (64.6%), predominantly male (51.9%), and most (95.6%) had already been diagnosed with obesity, which was more frequent in females in children (52.3%) and no males in adolescents (53.4%). Among the comorbidities identified by the professional responsible for the referral, only 2 adolescents were hypertensive, which represents only 0.6% of the total. The diagnosis of Dyslipidemia was mentioned in 37.3% of the total, of which 28% were children and 72% were adolescents. As for the diagnosis of Insulin Resistance, 5.4% were referred with this diagnosis, with 88.2% being adolescents. As for the habit of consuming soda, less than 2% does not consume and 49.3% refers to drinking more than 3 times a week, and of these, daily consumption was reported by 25%. As for the habit of performing physical activity, more than 30% do not perform any physical activity and only 13.5% reported doing it more than 3 times a week. The dropout rate in the first year of follow-up was 37% and in the second year only 15.8% maintained any follow-up. Conclusions: The present study showed that most patients in the first consultation are composed of adolescents and the majority have already been referred with a diagnosis of obesity and with inadequate habits in relation to soda consumption and physical activity. Abandonment is frequent, and the vast majority cease on the treatment. More effective public policies for prevention and treatment of overweight are needed, and greater attention must be given to abandonment, which represents a diagnosis that needs study and treatment.
 
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Publishing Date
2021-01-28
 
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