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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.17.2021.tde-08092021-105908
Document
Author
Full name
Jessica Cristina Leme
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Ribeirão Preto, 2021
Supervisor
Committee
Ramalho, Fernando Silva (President)
Duarte, Geraldo
Fernandes, Ana Paula Morais
Title in Portuguese
Expressão da Galectina-3 em células trofoblásticas de placentas oriundas de gestantes infectadas pelo vírus Zika
Keywords in Portuguese
Células de Hofbauer
Células trofoblásticas
Galectina-3
Hiperplasia
Placenta
Vírus Zika
Abstract in Portuguese
Introdução: A Síndrome Congênita do vírus ZIKA (SCZ) resulta em graves anomalias fetais e ocorre por meio de infecção transplacentária. As células de Hofbauer (CH), como macrófagos residentes nas vilosidades placentárias, participam na defesa do feto contra patógenos, mas são permissivas à infecção pelo vírus ZIKA (VZIKA). A proteína galectina-3 (Gal-3) é uma lectina que se liga a estruturas contendo β-galactosídeos, e é capaz de modular processos inflamatórios. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a expressão de Gal-3 em placentas de gestantes infectadas e não infectadas pelo VZIKA. Material e Métodos: Foram analisadas 45 placentas, das quais 39 eram procedentes de gestantes comprovadamente infectadas pelo VZIKA durante a gestação. As amostras placentárias foram alocadas nos seguintes grupos: ZIKA - amostras oriundas de gestantes infectadas pelo VZIKA cujos neonatos não exibiram comprometimento encefálico; SCZ - amostras oriundas de gestantes infectadas pelo VZIKA cujos neonatos eram portadores de alterações encefálicas graves; Controle - amostras oriundas de gestantes não infectadas pelo VZIKA. As placentas foram investigadas quanto à expressão de Gal-3, quanto ao número e à atividade mitogênica das CH, e ainda quanto à infecção pelo VZIKA. Resultados: As placentas do grupo SCZ exibiram necrose coagulativa, edema de vilosidades e descolamento do trofoblasto viloso. Foi demonstrada hiperexpressão de Gal-3 nas células citotrofoblásticas das placentas do grupo SCZ, e co-localização do antígeno viral NS2B. Observou-se, ainda, hiperplasia de CH e exacerbada atividade proliferativa das células trofoblásticas e das CH. Conclusão: A Gal-3 é altamente expressa nas microvilosidades placentárias quando os neonatos exibem dano encefálico grave. A hiperplasia das CH é também mais intensa quando há comprometimento fetal grave. Tendo em vista que a Gal-3 exerce importante papel na amplificação da resposta inflamatória, e que CH infectadas podem atuar favorecendo a passagem de partículas virais através da barreira placentária, pode-se conjecturar uma provável relação entre a hiperexpressão placentária de Gal-3, a hiperplasia das CH e uma maior gravidade da infecção fetal pelo VZIKA.
Title in English
Galectin-3 expression in trophoblastic cells of placentas from pregnant women infected by Zika virus
Keywords in English
Galectin-3
Hofbauer cell
Hyperplasia
Placenta
Trophoblastic cells
Zika virus
Abstract in English
Introduction: Congenital Syndrome of Zika virus (CSZ) results in severe fetal abnormalities, and occurs through transplacental infection. Hofbauer cells (HBC), as macrophages residing in the placental villi, and also participate in the defense of the fetus against pathogens, but are permissive to infection by the ZIKA virus (ZIKV). The protein galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a lectin that binds to structures containing β-galactosides, and is capable of modulating inflammatory processes. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the expression of Gal-3 in placentas of pregnant women infected and not infected by ZIKV. Material and Methods: 45 placentas were analyzed, of which 39 were from pregnant women proven to be infected with ZIKV during pregnancy. Placental samples were allocated to the following groups: ZIKA - samples from pregnant women infected with ZIKV whose neonates did not exhibit brain damage; CSZ - samples from pregnant women infected with ZIKV whose neonates had brain changes; Control - placental samples from pregnant women not infected by ZIKV. Placentas were investigated for Gal-3 expression, for cell proliferative activity and HC number in placental microvilli, and for ZIKAV infection. Results: CSZ group placentas exhibited coagulative necrosis, villous edema and villous trophoblast detachment. Overexpression of Gal-3 was demonstrated in cytotrophoblastic cells from placentas of the CSZ group, and co-localization of the NS2B viral antigen. HBC hyperplasia and exacerbated proliferative activity of trophoblastic cells and HBC were also observed. Conclusion: Gal-3 is highly expressed in placental microvilli when there is concomitant severe fetal damage. HBC hyperplasia is more important when there is severe fetal impairment. Given that Gal-3 plays an important role in amplifying the inflammatory response, and infected HBC can favor the passage of viral particles through the placental barrier, it is possible to conjecture a probable association between the placental hyperexpression of Gal-3, the hyperplasia of HBC and a greater severity of fetal infection by ZIKV.
 
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Publishing Date
2021-10-04
 
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