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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.17.2020.tde-03102022-112223
Document
Author
Full name
Maiara Almeida Aldá
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Ribeirão Preto, 2020
Supervisor
Committee
Fabro, Alexandre Todorovic (President)
Cetlin, Andrea de Cassia Vernier Antunes
Felix, Renato Gonçalves
Title in Portuguese
Biomarcadores patológicos da pneumonite intersticial bronquiolocêntrica
Keywords in Portuguese
Biomarcadores
Discussão multidisciplinar
Doença intersticial pulmonar
Foco fibroblástico
Pneumonite intersticial bronquiolocêntrica
Proteômica
Abstract in Portuguese
A pneumonite intersticial bronquiolocêntrica (BIP) é um distinto padrão histológico do grupo de doenças intersticiais pulmonares, definido por um remodelamento fibroplásico predominantemente centrado no eixo broncovascular, relacionado a uma gama de diagnósticos diferenciais, especialmente pneumonite de hipersensibilidade (PH), pneumonite por microaspiração (ASP), doenças do tecido conjuntivo, doenças autoimunes, entre outros. Os achados clínicos, radiológicos e patológicos são muitas vezes inespecíficos, não permitindo, assim, um diagnóstico final preciso, apesar da discussão multidisciplinar. Portanto, o objetivo desse trabalho foi determinar o perfil histopatológico e proteômico da BIP em pacientes que apresentassem suas principais etiologias, tentando estabelecer características que forneçam subsídios para melhor diagnóstico patológico. Para isso, foi realizado estudo retrospectivo e translacional a partir de biópsias cirúrgicas pulmonares de pacientes que apresentavam padrão BIP. Dados clínicos e radiológicos foram colhidos para caracterização e comparação dos grupos etiológicos: PH (n=8), ASP (n=6) e pneumonia intersticial com características autoimunes (PICAI) (n=4). Ademais, foram analisados morfologicamente e morfometricamente a histoquímica de lâminas histológicas coradas em hematoxilina e eosina e picrosirius red, bem como a imunohistoquímica pela expressão de α-SMA. A análise proteômica foi realizada a partir de microdissecção de conteúdos intraluminais e espectrometria de massa, com o intuito de corroborar os achados histológicos. Os resultados indicaram que a distinção entre as diferentes etiologias relacionadas ao padrão de BIP pelo perfil clínico-radiológico é extremamente difícil, comportando-se, até mesmo, como um fator confundidor. Por outro lado, a minuciosa avaliação histomorfológica pode contribuir significantemente para a definição etiológica com maior acurácia. Concluímos que há presença de peptídeos extrapulmonares em conteúdo intraluminais basofílicos, conhecidos como necrose péptica, confirmando a existência de material aspirado, o qual pode ser seguramente usado como um biomarcador patológico. Conjuntamente, mostramos que o perfil histológico com proeminentes focos fibroblásticos centrados nas vias aéreas com extensa área de miofibroblastos ativados, e necrose péptica associada à metaplasia escamativa e exulceração do epitélio favorecem fortemente o diagnóstico de BIP microaspirativa. Da mesma forma, o padrão subepitelial inflamatório com distribuição de agregado linfoides parece indicar o diagnóstico de BIP por PICAI. Os achados citados favorecem um diagnóstico etiológico precoce, e permitem que a abordagem terapêutica seja otimizada e mais eficaz.
Title in English
Pathological biomarkers of bronchiolocentric interstitial pneumonitis
Keywords in English
Biomarkers
Bronchiolocentric interstitial pneumonitis
Fibroblastic focus
Multidisciplinary discussion
Proteomics
Pulmonary interstitial disease
Abstract in English
Bronchiolocentric interstitial pneumonitis (BIP) is a distinct histological pattern in the group of interstitial lung diseases, defined by a fibroplastic remodeling predominantly centered on the bronchovascular axis, related to a range of differential diagnoses, especially hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), microaspiration pneumonitis (ASP), connective tissue diseases, autoimmune diseases, among others. Clinical, radiological and pathological findings are often nonspecific, thus not allowing an accurate final diagnosis, despite the multidisciplinary discussion. Therefore, the objective of this work was to determine the histopathological and proteomic profile of BIP in patients with their main etiologies, trying to establish characteristics that provide subsidies for a better pathological diagnosis. For this, a retrospective and translational study was carried out based on pulmonary surgical biopsies of patients who presented BIP pattern. Clinical and radiological data were collected to characterize and compare the etiological groups: HP (n=8), ASP (n=6) and interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features (IPAF) (n=4). In addition, the histochemistry of histological slides stained in hematoxylin and eosin and picrosirius red were analyzed morphologically and morphometrically, as well as immunohistochemistry by the expression of α-SMA. Proteomic analysis was performed using microdissection of intraluminal contents and mass spectrometry, in order to corroborate the histological findings. The results indicated that the distinction between the different etiologies related to the BIP pattern by the clinical-radiological profile is extremely difficult, even behaving as a confounding factor. On the other hand, a thorough histomorphological evaluation can contribute significantly to the etiological definition with greater accuracy. We conclude that extrapulmonary peptides are present in basophilic intraluminal contents, known as peptic necrosis, confirming the existence of aspirated material, which can be safely used as a pathological biomarker. Together, we show that histological profile with prominent fibroblastic foci centered in the airways with a large area of activated myofibroblasts, and peptic necrosis associated with scaling metaplasia and epithelial exulceration strongly favor the diagnosis of microaspirative BIP. Likewise, the inflammatory subepithelial pattern with distribution of lymphoid aggregates seems to indicate the diagnosis of BIP by IPAF. Contrary to other studies, we observed that the improvement in lung function may be related to fibroblastic foci centered on the airway in ASP. The cited findings favor an early etiological diagnosis, and allow the therapeutic approach to be optimized and more effective.
 
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Dissertacao.pdf (4.28 Mbytes)
Publishing Date
2022-10-05
 
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