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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.17.2023.tde-10082023-105836
Document
Author
Full name
Augusto Carlos Maciel Saraiva
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Ribeirão Preto, 2023
Supervisor
Committee
Defino, Helton Luiz Aparecido (President)
Fernandes, Marco Bernardo Cury
Garcia, Luis Vicente
Salles, Mauro José Costa
Title in Portuguese
Avaliação das alterações hemostáticas em pacientes com infecção articular periprotética
Keywords in Portuguese
Artroplastia
Coagulação imunotrombose
Hemostasia
Infecção articular periprotética
Abstract in Portuguese
A infecção articular periprotética (IAP) é uma das complicações mais frequentes e graves das artroplastias, especialmente as artroplastias totais de joelho (ATJ) e quadril (ATQ), que são as mais comumente realizadas. O diagnóstico preciso e o tratamento adequado são imprescindíveis para evitar a perda funcional e a evolução para infecção sistêmica. Há décadas a relação entre os sistemas imune e de coagulação vem sendo estudadas em processos infecciosos, entretanto, poucos estudos abordaram, de forma abrangente, as alterações hemostáticas em pacientes com IAP. Dessa forma, este estudo tem como objetivo investigar as alterações hemostáticas em pacientes com IAP. Para isso, foi realizado um estudo prospectivo com pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de revisão da ATJ e ATQ. Os pacientes foram categorizados em dois grupos, com e sem IAP. O diagnóstico de infecção foi confirmado segundo o critério proposto em 2018. Foram avaliadas a composição das células sanguíneas, plaquetas e níveis de D-dímero, fibrinogênio, além dos testes de coagulação tempo de protrombina (TP) e tempo de tromboplastina parcial ativada (TTPa) pré-operatórios. Participaram do estudo 151 pacientes, 71 com diagnóstico de IAP e 80 com soltura asséptica. Os pacientes do grupo IAP apresentaram níveis significativamente aumentados de leucócitos totais (p=0,0041), plaquetas (p=0,0076) e de neutrófilos (p=0,009) no sangue. Estes pacientes apresentaram ainda aumento na razão entre neutrófilos e linfócitos (p= 0,01). Os níveis de fibrinogênio (p=0,005) e o INR(p=0,00) também foram significativamente maiores nos pacientes com IAP. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas em relação ao D-dímero e ao TTPa. A avaliação da área sob a curva ROC do fibrinogênio, D-dímero, INR e razão neutrófilo / linfócitos apresentou limitado valor para o diagnóstico da IAP. Nossos resultados evidenciam que pacientes com IAP apresentam alterações, ainda que subclínicas, em componentes do sistema hemostático. Entretanto, os biomarcadores do sistema hemostático não apresentaram potencial diagnóstico para IAP. Novos estudos são necessários para explorar melhor as alterações observadas neste estudo, assim como para avaliar a relação entre as alterações hemostáticas e o risco de eventos tromboembólicos em pacientes com IAP.
Title in English
Evaluation of hemostatic alterations in patients with periprosthetic joint infection
Keywords in English
Biomarker
Coagulation
Immunothrombosis
Periprosthetic joint infection
Abstract in English
Periprosthetic joint infection (JJI) is one of the most frequent and serious complications of arthroplasties, especially total knee arthroplasties (TKA) and hip arthroplasties (THA), which are the most commonly performed. Accurate diagnosis and adequate treatment are essential to prevent functional loss and progression to systemic infection. For decades, the relationship between the immune and coagulation systems has been studied in infectious processes; however, few studies have comprehensively addressed hemostatic changes in patients with PJI. Thus, this study aims to investigate hemostatic changes in patients with PJI. For this, a prospective study was carried out with patients undergoing revision surgery for TKA and THA. Patients were categorized into two groups, with and without PJI. The diagnosis of infection was confirmed according to the criteria proposed in 2018. The preoperative composition of blood cells, platelets and D-dimer and fibrinogen levels were evaluated, in addition prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) coagulation tests. A total of 151 patients participated in the study, 71 diagnosed with PJI and 80 with aseptic loosening. Patients in the IAP group had significantly increased levels of total leukocytes (p=0.0041), platelets (p=0.0076) and neutrophils (p=0.009) in the blood. These patients also showed an increase in the ratio between neutrophils and lymphocytes (p= 0.01). Fibrinogen levels (p=0.005) and INR (p=0.00) were also significantly higher in patients with PJI. No significant differences were observed in relation to D-dimer and aPTT. The evaluation of the area under the ROC curve of fibrinogen, D-dimer, INR and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio showed limited value for the diagnosis of PJI. Our results show that patients with PJI present alterations, albeit subclinical, in components of the hemostatic system. However, biomarkers of the hemostatic system did not show diagnostic potential for PJI diagnosis. New studies are needed to better explore the changes observed in this study, as well as to assess the relationship between hemostatic changes and the risk of thromboembolic events in patients with PJI.
 
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Publishing Date
2023-08-25
 
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