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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.17.2023.tde-10042023-091640
Document
Author
Full name
Leandro de Resende Yamamoto
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Ribeirão Preto, 2022
Supervisor
Committee
Menezes, Marcelo Bezerra de (President)
Rodrigues, Maria Carolina de Oliveira
Araujo, Ana Carla Sousa de
Cruz Filho, Álvaro Augusto Souza da
Title in Portuguese
Comparações de aspectos clínicos, funcionais pulmonares, inflamatórios e de prevalência de atopia entre idosos com asma de início tardio e asma de longa duração
Keywords in Portuguese
Asma
Asma de início tardio
Asma de longa duração
Idosos
Abstract in Portuguese
O número de asmáticos com mais de 65 anos de idade vem crescendo no mundo todo, porém ainda há poucos estudos clínicos relacionados à asma nessa faixa etária. Assim, este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar se há diferenças em características gerais e clínicas, funcionais pulmonares, inflamatórias e em prevalência de atopia entre dois grupos de idosos: um grupo com asma de longa duração (ALD) e outro com asma de início tardio (AInT). Para esse fim, realizamos um estudo transversal observacional com 82 idosos: 46 com ALD (início da asma antes dos 40 anos de idade) e 36 com AInT (início da asma aos 40 anos de idade ou após), registrando-se tratamento da asma e comorbidades; além de triagem de comprometimento cognitivo (Mini exame do estado mental - MMEM), avaliação do controle clínico da asma (Asthma control questionnaire 7 - ACQ7), técnica inalatória (listas de verificação padronizadas), adesão ao tratamento farmacológico da asma (Morisky Medication Adherence Scale-8 - MMAS-8), espirometria, pico de fluxo inspiratório, escarro induzido, prick test e contagem de eosinófilos em sangue periférico. Como resultados, observamos que ambos os grupos apresentaram bom controle clínico da asma (ACQ7: 1,20 ± 0,74 (ALD) x 1,11 ± 0,89 (AInT); p=0,67). O grupo ALD apresentou obstrução mais grave ao fluxo aéreo (VEF1 (% previsto): 62,04 ± 19,50 x 77,15 ± 18,74, p< 0,01), maior prevalência de prick test positivos (65,6% x 18,8%, p=0,001) e menor proporção de eosinófilos em sangue periférico (2,54% ± 2,17 x 3,92% ± 3,24, p=0,03). Não houve diferença na contagem de células e nos perfis inflamatórios do escarro induzido entre os grupos. Triagem positiva para déficit cognitivo, uso incorreto de dispositivos inalatórios e baixa adesão ao tratamento farmacológico da asma foram observados em grande número de indivíduos. Concluímos que a asma em idosos apresenta peculiaridades que podem fugir ao que é aceito genericamente para não-idosos.
Title in English
Comparison of clinical, functional pulmonary, and inflammatory aspects and prevalence of atopy between older people with late-onset asthma and long-term asthma
Keywords in English
Asthma
Elderly
Late-onset asthma
Long-standing asthma
Abstract in English
The number of people with asthma aged over 65 years has increased worldwide, but few clinical studies analyze asthma in this age group. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess differences in general and clinical characteristics, pulmonary function, inflammation, and in the prevalence of atopy between two groups of older people, one with long-standing asthma (LSA) and the other with late-onset asthma (LOA). Thus, we conducted an observational cross-sectional study with 82 people, 46 with LSA (onset before 40 years old) and 36 with LOA (onset at 40 years old or later), recording the treatment of asthma and comorbidities, in addition to screening for cognitive impairment (Mini Mental State Examination - MMSE) and assessing clinical asthma control (Asthma control questionnaire 7 - ACQ7), inhalation technique (standardized checklists), adherence to the pharmacological treatment of asthma (Morisky Medication Adherence Scale-8 - MMAS-8), spirometry, peak inspiratory flow, induced sputum, prick test, and peripheral blood eosinophil count. As a result, both groups had good clinical asthma control (ACQ7: 1.20 ± 0.74 (LSA) x 1.11 ± 0.89 (LOA), p = 0.67). The LSA group had more severe airflow obstruction (FEV1 (predicted %): 62.04 ± 19.50 x 77.15 ± 18.74, p < 0.01), higher prevalence of positive prick testing (65.6% x 18.8%, p = 0.001), and a lower proportion of peripheral blood eosinophil count (2.54% ± 2.17 x 3.92% ± 3.24, p = 0.03). There was no difference in cell count or induced sputum inflammatory profile between groups. Positive cognitive impairment screening, incorrect use of inhalation devices, and poor adherence to the pharmacological treatment of asthma were observed in a large number of participants. In conclusion, asthma presents peculiarities in older people that go beyond what is generally accepted in younger people.
 
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Publishing Date
2023-04-17
 
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