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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.17.2023.tde-05062023-114237
Document
Author
Full name
Karoline Brito Caetano Andrade Coelho
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Ribeirão Preto, 2023
Supervisor
Committee
Zanette, Dalila Lucíola (President)
Pereira, Tathiane Maistro Malta
Oliveira, Jaqueline Carvalho de
Title in Portuguese
Investigação de biomarcadores genéticos diferenciais do câncer de próstata de início precoce e tardio
Keywords in Portuguese
Biomarcadores genéticos
Câncer de próstata
Estratificação de risco
Idosos
Jovens
Sangue periférico
Abstract in Portuguese
No Brasil o câncer de próstata (PCa) é o segundo mais frequente em homens. A incidência do PCa aumenta continuamente com a idade, embora os casos venham aumentando em homens jovens. Estudos sugerem que há diferenças entre os tumores de jovens e de idosos, mas há poucos relatos incluindo pacientes com menos de 55 anos de idade. Objetivo: Sequenciar o exoma de um painel de genes em DNA de sangue periférico de pacientes com PCa diagnosticados com idade até 55 anos e após os 60 anos, em busca de biomarcadores capazes de melhorar a estratificação de risco nestes diferentes grupos etários. Pacientes e métodos: foram incluídas amostras de sangue total de 18 pacientes com idade até 55 anos (grupo jovem) e 53 pacientes com idade superior a 60 anos (grupo idoso) com PCa primário e livres de tratamento, atendidos no Hospital das Clínicas de Ribeirão Preto (HCRP) e no Hospital Erasto Gaertner (HEG). Foi realizado o sequenciamento do tipo Next Generation (NGS) para obter as sequências codificadores completas dos genes BRCA1/2, MLH1, MSH6, CDK12, PALB2, CHEK2, TP53, PTEN, HOXB13, KLK3, APC, KMT2C/D, FOXA1, SPOP, AR, ATR, GFI1B, NBN e PARP1, comumente associados ao PCa. Resultados: Os genes KMT2C e AR tiveram o maior número de variantes não sinônimas nos dois grupos etários. Foram identificadas 132 variantes (DP≥50), em 17 genes, de 70 amostras. No grupo jovem os genes KMT2D e ATR foram os mais alterados, enquanto no grupo idoso, foram BRCA2 e KMT2C. Foram detectadas 58 variantes exclusivas do grupo jovem, 64 do grupo idoso e 10 em comum. No grupo jovem, destaca-se a variante patogênica rs398122612 (BRCA2). O KMT2C foi o gene com maior número de variantes comuns aos dois grupos, destacando-se a rs150073007 classificada como Likely Pathogenic e presente em 68 dos 70 pacientes. Conclusão: O estudo identificou 43 novas variantes exclusivas do grupo jovem e 7 novas variantes exclusivas do grupo idoso, que serão posteriormente validadas em coortes maiores. O achado mais surpreendente foi a presença da variante rs150073007, localizada no gene KMT2C em 68 dos 70 pacientes. Em nossa busca na literatura não encontramos relatos dessa variante nunca foi encontrada em células de sangue periférico de pacientes com PCa, indicando seu potencial como um biomarcador minimamente invasivo para o diagnóstico de PCa.
Title in English
Investigation of differential genetic biomarkers of early and late onset prostate cancer
Keywords in English
Early onset
Genetic biomarkers
Late-onset
Peripheral blood
Prostate cancer
Risk stratification
Abstract in English
In Brazil, prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common type of cancer in men. The incidence of PCa increases continuously with age, being more common in elderly individuals. However, the number of cases is increasing in young men. Studies suggest that there are differences in PCa between young and old men, but few studies were performed in patients under 55 years of age. Objective: Obtain targeted exome sequencing data of a panel of genes in DNA from peripheral blood cells of PCa patients with an early diagnosis (until 55 years) and a late diagnosis (after 60 years), aiming to find biomarkers that could potentially improve risk stratification in these age groups of patients with PCa. Patients and methods: blood samples from 18 PCa patients under 55 and 53 patients over 60 years old with primary PC and treatment free were collected in the Hospital das Clínicas (HCRP) and Hospital Erasto Gaertner (HEG). It was realized the Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) to obtain codifying full sequencing of BRCA1/2, MLH1, MSH6, CDK12, PALB2, CHEK2, TP53, PTEN, HOXB13, KLK3, APC, KMT2C/D, FOXA1, SPOP, AR, ATR, GFI1B, NBN, and PARP1 genes, associated with PCa (Daicel Arbor Biosciences). Results: The KMT2C and AR genes had the highest number of non-synonymous variants in both age groups. A total of 132 variants (SD≥50) were identified in 17 genes from 70 samples. In the young group, the KMT2D and ATR genes were the most altered, while in the elderly group, they were BRCA2 and KMT2C. Fifty-eight variants were exclusively detected in the young group, 64 variants were found exclusively in the elderly group and 10 variants were common to both groups. In the young group, the pathogenic variant rs398122612 (BRCA2) stands out. KMT2C was the gene with the highest number of variants common to both groups, with emphasis on rs150073007 classified as Likely Pathogenic and present in 68 of the 70 patients. Conclusion: The study identified 43 new variants exclusive to the young group and 7 new variants exclusive to the elderly group, which will be further validated in larger cohorts. The most surprising finding was the presence of the rs150073007 variant, located in the KMT2C gene, in 68 of the 70 patients. To our knowledge, this variant has never been reported in peripheral blood cells from patients with PCa, indicating its potential as a minimally-invasive biomarker for the diagnosis of PCa.
 
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Publishing Date
2023-06-07
 
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