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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.17.2023.tde-05012024-165743
Document
Author
Full name
Juliana Lima de Toledo Rossoni
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Ribeirão Preto, 2023
Supervisor
Committee
Rocha, Jose Joaquim Ribeiro da (President)
Arruda, Gustavo Viani
Kemp, Rafael
Martinez, Carlos Augusto Real
Title in Portuguese
Avaliação do índice de resposta à quimiorradioterapia neoadjuvante em pacientes com adenocarcinoma do reto: estudo retrospectivo de longo prazo em dois centros terciários de referência
Keywords in Portuguese
Câncer de reto
Radioterapia
Terapia neoadjuvante
Abstract in Portuguese
INTRODUÇÃO: A terapia neoadjuvante (TN) seguida da excisão total do mesorreto é considerada o tratamento padrão do adenocarcinoma de reto localmente avançado. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar o índice de resposta completa (RC), índices de recidiva local e à distância e as cirurgias realizadas em pacientes com adenocarcinoma do reto submetidos à TN, no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, na ProctoGastroclínica e no Hospital São Paulo, em Ribeirão Preto, no período de janeiro de 2007 a dezembro de 2017. METODOLOGIA: Foram avaliados 166 prontuários de pacientes com adenocarcinoma do reto localmente avançado (T3,T4 ou N+), submetidos à TN. O regime consistiu na realização de radioterapia convencional bidimensional (2D) ou conformacional - tridimensional (3D) e radioterapia com intensidade modulada IMRT) na dose de 45-50,4Gy associada à capecitabina 1650mg/m² ou 5-fluorouracil (5FU) e leucovorin (LV). As seguintes variáveis foram analisadas: sexo, idade, estágio pré-tratamento, tipo de radioterapia, índice de RC, índices de recidivas local e à distância. Dos pacientes submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico foram também avaliados o tipo de cirurgia realizada e complicações cirúrgicas. RESULTADOS: O índice de RC foi de 28,3%. Os pacientes submetidos ao esquema 3D/IMRT de radioterapia apresentaram um índice maior de RC (36,3% x 4,8%; p<0,001), maiores taxas de seguimento clínico (21% x 0%; p<0,001), menores taxas de cirurgia (79% x 100%; p<0,001), maiores taxas de ressecção transanal (37,1% x 9,5%; p=0,001), menores taxas de retossigmoidectomia abdominal (25,8% x 50%; p=0,007) e menores taxas de amputação abdominoperineal do reto (16,1% x 40,5%; p=0,002), quando comparados aos pacientes submetidos ao esquema 2D de radioterapia. CONCLUSÃO: As evidências são limitadas, porém, técnicas modernas de radioterapia como as conformacionais 3D e IMRT, ao oferecerem maior adequação e precisão do tratamento, poderiam resultar num melhor controle local e menor toxicidade em órgãos de risco, possibilitando estratégias de preservação de órgão e abordagens menos invasivas em casos selecionados.
Title in English
Evaluation of the response rate to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in patients with rectal adenocarcinoma: a retrospective long-term study in two tertiary reference centers
Keywords in English
Neoadjuvant therapy
Radiotherapy
Rectal cancer
Abstract in English
INTRODUCTION: Neoadjuvant therapy (NT) followed by total mesorectal excision is considered the standard treatment of locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the complete response (CR) rate, local and distant recurrence rates, and surgeries performed in patients with rectal adenocarcinoma who underwent NT at Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, at ProctoGastroclínica and at Hospital São Paulo, in Ribeirão Preto, from January 2007 to December 2017. METHODS: We evaluated 166 medical records of patients with locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma (T3, T4 or N+) who underwent NT. The regimen consisted of performing conventional (2D) or conformational (three-dimensional-3D/ radiotherapy with modulated intensity - IMRT) at a dose of 45-50.4Gy associated with capecitabine 1650mg/m² or 5-fluorouracil (5FU) and leucovorin (LV). The following variables were analyzed: gender, age, pretreatment stage, radiotherapy, CR index, local and distant recurrence rates. Surgical treatment and complications were also evaluated. FINDINGS: The CR index was 28.3%. Patients treated with 3D/IMRT radiotherapy had a higher rate of CR (36.3% x 4.8%; p<0.001), higher rates of clinical follow-up (21% x 0%; p<0.001), lower surgery rates (79% x 100%; p<0.001), higher rates of transanal resection (37.1% x 9.5%; p=0.001), lower rates of abdominal rectosigmoidectomy (25.8% x 50%; p=0.007) and lower rates of abdominalperineal resection of the rectum (16.1% x 40.5%; p=0.002), when compared to patients treated with 2D radiotherapy. CONCLUSION: Modern radiotherapy techniques such as 3D conformal and IMRT, by offering greater adequacy and precision of treatment, could result in better local control and less toxicity in organs at risk, enabling organ preservation strategies and less invasive approaches in selected cases.
 
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Publishing Date
2024-03-22
 
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