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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.17.2021.tde-14042022-125011
Document
Author
Full name
Sherliane Carla Pereira
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Ribeirão Preto, 2021
Supervisor
Committee
Lacchini, Riccardo (President)
Ben, Cristina Marta Del
Gomes, Felipe Villela
Miasso, Adriana Inocenti
Title in Portuguese
Metaloproteinases de matriz e depressão: influência genética e impacto clínico
Keywords in Portuguese
Barreira hematoencefálica
Depressão
Metaloproteinases de matriz
Abstract in Portuguese
A depressão é uma doença de grande prevalência mundial e que gera grandes prejuízos ao indivíduo e sociedade. Muito tem sido estudado em relação à inflamação tendo um papel importante na gênese da depressão. Nesses modelos se observa um aumento das metaloproteinases de matriz (MMPs), que são responsáveis por degradar diversar proteínas presente na barreira hematoencefálica (BHE), levando a sua desagregação. O objetivo do nosso estudo foi buscar marcadores bioquímicos e genéticos de predisposição à depressão. Foram incluídos 114 controles e 158 casos, avaliados através de questionários psicométricos e avaliação clínica. Foram avaliados os marcadores bioquímicos no plasma pelas técnicas de zimografia em gel e ELISA. Ademais, foram avaliados os polimorfismos genéticos por reação em cadeia da polimerase. No nosso estudo observamos redução nos níveis de MMP-2 (p= 0,022*); TIMP-1 (p= 0,002*); TIMP-2 (p= 0,001*) e de BDNF (p= 0,000*) no grupo pacientes versus controles. Também foi observado aumento nos níveis da razão MMP-9/TIMP-1 (p= 0,000*) e da MMP-9/TIMP-1 x A2M (p=0,001*) no grupo pacientes versus controles. Além disto, houve associação entre MMP-9 e HAMD21 (β= + 3,71, p= 0,028*); MMP-9 e BSI (β= + 4,07, p= 0,017*); MMP-9 e BDNF (β= + 0,19, p= 0,021*); complexo MMP-9/TIMP-1 e BDNF (r= + 0,22, p= 0,029); TIMP-1 e BDNF (β= + 0,00, p= 0,017*); TIMP-1 e S100β (β= + 0,00, p= 0,028*); IL-10 e MMP-2 (β= - 0,10, p= 0,012*); TNF-α e MMP-2 (β= + 0,07, p= 0,032*); IL-6 e A2M (β= + 14602,26, p= 0,026*); IL-6 e a razão MMP-9/TIMP-1 x A2M (β= - 4,71 x 10+09, p= 0,006*); IL-6 e BSI (β= - 4,17, p= 0,024*); TNF e BDNF (β= + 0,21, p= 0,032*); e TNF-α e S100β (β= + 79,25, p= 0,002*). Observamos também que pacientes depressivos em remissão de sintomas tiveram níveis mais altos de IL-10. Houve associação dos genótipos HL+HH no modelo dominante do polimorfismo rs2234681 do gene da MMP-9 com menor risco de pelo ao menos uma tentativa de suicídio (OR= 0,07, p= 0,007*) e do genótipo DD no modelo recessivo do polimorfismo rs3832852 do gene A2M com redução do risco de ideação suicida (β= - 7,91, p= 0,033*). Podemos concluir que os biomarcadores bioquímicos e genéticos são relevantes para detectar indivíduos geneticamente susceptíveis a desenvolver depressão e a cometer suicídio.
Title in English
Matrix metalloproteinases and depression: genetic influence and clinical impact
Keywords in English
Bloodbrain barrier
Depression
Matrix metalloproteinases
Abstract in English
Depression is a disease of great prevalence worldwide and that causes great prejudice to the individual and society. Much has been studied in relation to inflammation playing an important role in genesis of depression. In these models, an increase in matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) was observed which are responsible for degrading several proteins present in the blood-brain barrier (BHE), leading to their breakdown. The aim of our study was to search for biochemical and genetic markers of predisposition to depression. 114 controls and 158 cases were included, evaluated through psychometric questionnaires and clinical evaluation. Biochemical markers in plasma were evaluated by gel zymography and ELISA techniques. Furthermore, genetic polymorphisms were evaluated by polymerase chain reaction. In our study, we observed a reduction in MMP-2 levels (p= 0.022*); TIMP-1 (p= 0.002*); TIMP-2 (p= 0.001*) and BDNF (p= 0.000*) in patients versus controls group. As well as increased levels of MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio (p= 0.000*) and MMP-9/TIMP-1 x A2M (p= 0.001*) in patients versus controls group. Furthermore, there was an association between MMP-9 and HAMD21 (β= + 3.71, p= 0.028*); MMP-9 and BSI (β= + 4.07, p= 0.017*); MMP-9 and BDNF (β= + 0.19, p= 0.021*); MMP9/TIMP-1 and BDNF complex (r= + 0.22, p= 0.029); TIMP-1 and BDNF (β= + 0.00, p= 0.017*); TIMP-1 and S100β (β= + 0.00, p= 0.028*); IL-10 and MMP-2 (β= - 0.10, p= 0.012*); TNF-α and MMP-2 (β= + 0.07, p= 0.032*); IL-6 and A2M (β= + 14602.26, p= 0.026*); IL-6 and the MMP-9/TIMP-1 x A2M ratio (β= - 4.71 x 10+09, p= 0.006*); IL-6 and BSI (β= - 4.17, p= 0.024*); TNF and BDNF (β= + 0.21, p= 0.032*); and TNF-α and S100β (β= + 79.25, p= 0.002*). We also observed that patients in remission of depressive symptoms had higher levels of IL-10. There was an association of HL+HH genotypes in dominant model of rs2234681 polymorphism of MMP-9 gene with a lower risk of at least one suicide attempt (OD= 0.07, p= 0.007*) and of the DD genotype in recessive model of rs3832852 polymorphism of A2M gene with reduced risk of suicidal ideation (β= - 7.91, p= 0.033*). We can conclude that biochemical and genetic biomarkers are relevant to detect individuals genetically susceptible to developing depression and committing suicide.
 
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Publishing Date
2022-04-14
 
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