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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.17.2005.tde-03052024-142228
Document
Author
Full name
Daniele Cristina de Aguiar
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Ribeirão Preto, 2005
Supervisor
Committee
Guimarães, Francisco Silveira (President)
Carobrez, Antonio de Pádua
Zangrossi Junior, Helio
Title in Portuguese
Interação entre glutamato e óxido nítrico nas reações defensivas mediadas pela substância cinzenta periaquedutal dorsolateral de ratos
Keywords in Portuguese
Glutamato
Óxido nítrico
Substância cinzenta periaquedutal
Abstract in Portuguese
A administração de glutamato na substância cinzenta periaquedutal dorsolateral (SCPdl) produz reações de fuga. Uma das conseqüências da ativação de receptores NMDA pelo glutamato é o influxo de cálcio, ocorrendo ativação da enzima sintase do óxido nítrico (NOS) e conseqüente formação do óxido nítrico (NO). Neurônios que contém a enzima NOS estão localizados na SCPdl. A administração de inibidores da NOS nesta região produz efeitos ansiolíticos, enquanto doadores de NO como o SIN-1, induzem reações de fuga. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi testar a hipótese de que as respostas de fuga promovidas pela administração de um doador de NO ou de um agonista de rNMDA na SCPdl, dependem da formação de NO endógeno. Utilizaram-se ratos Wistar machos com cânulas direcionadas à SCPdl. Os animais receberam injeções de salina, L-NAME (inibidor da NOS, 100-200 nmoles), carboxy-PTIO (1-3 nmoles, seqüestrador de NO) ou ODQ (inibidor de guanilato ciclase, 1-3 nmoles) seguidas de SIN-1 (150 nmoles, doador de NO) ou NMDA (0,1 nmol, agonista NMDA). A análise das alterações comportamentais e a medida da distância percorrida foram realizadas em uma caixa de observação ou em uma arena circular. Realizou-se também uma curva-dose resposta para a administração intra-SCPdl do ODQ no Labirinto em Cruz Elevado (LCE). O pré-tratamento com o L-NAME não foi capaz de inibir a reação de fuga promovida pelo SIN-1. Esses resultados sugerem que o efeito promovido pelo doador de NO, injetado na SCPdl, não depende da formação de NO endógeno. A microinjeção de NMDA promoveu reação de fuga caracterizada por um aumento no número de cruzamentos e pulos no interior da caixa de injeção. O pré-tratamento com drogas que inibem a neurotransmissão nitrérgica, como o L-NAME, Carboxy-PTIO ou ODQ, não modificaram a resposta de fuga promovida pela administração de NMDA. Entretanto, o ODQ (1 nmol/0,2 µl) administrado na SCPdl aumentou a porcentagem de entradas nos braços abertos no LCE. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que a ativação da via NO/GC/GMPc não é essencial para as respostas defensivas desencadeadas pela administração de NMDA ou SIN-1 na SCPdl. Entretanto, os resultados obtidos com o ODQ no LCE, confirmam o possível envolvimento dessa via na modulação de respostas defensivas frente a estímulos ameaçadores naturais.
Title in English
Interaction between glutamate and nitric oxide in defensive reactions mediated by the dorsolateral periaqueductal gray matter of rats
Keywords in English
Glutamate
Nitric oxide
Periaqueductal gray matter
Abstract in English
Intra-dorsolateral periaqueductal gray matter (dlPAG) administration of glutamate induces flight reactions. The enzyme neuronal nitric oxide sintase (nNOS) is intimately linked to NMDA receptors and is activated by calcium influx through these receptors. nNOS positive neurons are located in dlPAG. Administration of NOS inhibitors into this region induces anxiolytic-like effects in the EPM whereas NO-donors produce defensive reactions characterized by wild running and jumps. To test the hypothesis that the defensive reactions induced by intra-dlPAG injection of SIN-1, a nitric oxide (NO) donor, or NMDA involve endogenous NO formation, male Wistar rats with cannulas aimed at the dlPAG received intra-cerebral injections of the following treatments: L-NAME (NOS inhibitor, 100-200 nmol), carboxy-PTIO (NO scavenger, 1-3 nmol) or ODQ (guanilate ciclase inhibitor 1-3 nmol), followed, 10 min later, by SIN1 (NO donor, 150 nmol) or NMDA (0.1 nmol, NMDA agonist). The behavioral observations and distance moved were recorded in the injection box or in an open arena. ln addition, the effects of intra-dlPAG administration of ODQ in the elevated plus maze (E.P.M.) were evaluated. L-NAME pre-treatment did not prevent flight reactions induced by SIN-1 in the open arena, suggesting that NO donor effects in the dlPAG are not dependent on endogenous formation of NO. Intra-dlP AG injection of NMDA produced flight reactions characterized by wild cross and jumps in the box injection. These effects were not prevented by pre-treatment with L-NAME, carboxy-PTIO or ODQ. ODQ (1 nmol), increased the percentage of open arm entries in the E.P.M. Together these results suggest that endogenous activation of the NO/guanilate cyclase/GMPc pathway is not essential for defensives reactions induced by exogenous administration of NMDA or SIN-1 into the dlPAG. Results obtained with ODQ in the E.P.M., however, confirm the possible involvement of this pathway in modulation of defensive responses to natural threatening stimuli.
 
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Publishing Date
2024-05-03
 
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  • GUIMARAES, F. S., et al. Role of nitric oxide in brain regions related to defensive reactions [doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2005.03.026]. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews [online], 2005, vol. 29, p. 1313-1322.
  • AGUIAR, Daniela Cristina de, LUCCA, Ana Cláudia de, e GUIMARAES, F. S. Role of nitric oxide on chemically-induced defensive reactions in the dorsolateral periaqueductal grey. In XXXVI Congresso Brasileiro de Farmacologgia e Terapêutica Experimental, Aguas de Lindóia, 2004. Livro de resumos., 2004. Resumo.
  • AGUIAR, Daniele Cristina de, LUCCA, Ana Cláudia de, and GUIMARAES, F. S. Role of nitric oxide on chemically-induced defensive reactions in the dorsolateral periaqueductal grey. In 17th Congress of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology, Estocolmo, 2004. European Neuropsychopharmacology., 2004. Abstract.
  • GUIMARAES, F. S., et al. Role of nitric oxide on defensive reactions. In International Behavioral Neuroscience Society Meeting, Key West, 2004. Abstracts of the International Behavioral Neuroscience Society., 2004. Abstract.
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