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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.12.2023.tde-23062023-185930
Document
Author
Full name
Pedro Romero Marques
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2023
Supervisor
Committee
Rugitsky, Fernando Monteiro (President)
Kerstenetzky, Celia de Andrade Lessa
Loureiro, Pedro Mendes
Singer, Andre Vitor
Title in English
Essays on the dynamics of the Brazilian distributive conflict (2000-2020)
Keywords in English
Economic development
Income distribution
Political economy
Abstract in English
This work consists of three essays on the dynamics of the distributive conflict in Brazil in the first two decades of the 21st century. Following a critical approach influenced by Michal Kalecki's political aspects of full employment, these essays investigate how Brazil's recent growth trajectory affected the relationship between labour and capital via changes in income distribution. It entails analysing how it contributed to the economic and political crises that burst in the mid-2010s. The first essay, "Rentiers and distributive conflict in Brazil (2000- 2019)", estimates an expanded functional income distribution that considers the share appropriated by rentiers besides wages, profits, and government income. It indicates that despite being relatively stable during the period, rentier income has significantly changed its composition due to the increasing importance of interest income paid by the household sector. The results stress the role of financial expropriation (interest payments out of wage income) in changing the trend in wage share, suggesting an alternative interpretation of the distributive conflict. The second essay, "Fiscal policy and distributive conflict in Brazil (2000-2019)", aims at evaluating the redistributive role of the Brazilian state by estimating the net social wage (the net contribution of fiscal policy to the working class) for the same period. Results show that the net social wage has increased from 2004 to 2017, mainly due to rising social spending. Its composition suggests that the upward trend resulted from activating existing institutional mechanisms that promote redistribution, producing a resilient pro-labour orientation for the fiscal policy. Finally, the third essay is intituled "Toward a critical appraisal of the Growth Model Perspective: the political business cycle in Brazil (2003- 2016)". It addresses contemporary trends in comparative political economy by offering a critical assessment of the Growth Model Perspective. It contributes to the debate by reconsidering Brazil's growth model from a Kaleckian viewpoint, which puts the distributive conflict at the centre of the nexus between the economic and political foundations of growth models. By relating the trajectory of redistributive growth to the rise and fall of the Workers' Party (2003-2016), the essay elaborates on how growth drivers have been related to socio- political determinants and concludes that this relationship has influenced both the formation and the exhaustion of Brazil's recent growth model.
Title in Portuguese
Ensaios sobre a dinâmica do conflito distributivo brasileiro (2000-2020)
Keywords in Portuguese
Desenvolvimento econômico
Distribuição de renda
Economia política
Abstract in Portuguese
Este trabalho consiste em três ensaios sobre a dinâmica do conflito distributivo brasileiro nas duas primeiras décadas do século XXI. A partir de uma tradição crítica influenciada pela contribuição de Michal Kalecki sobre os aspectos políticos do pleno emprego, investiga-se as interações entre a recente trajetória de crescimento brasileiro e a relação entre capital e trabalho, considerando as mudanças na distribuição da renda. No primeiro ensaio, "Rentiers and distributive conflict in Brazil (2000-2019)", estima-se uma distribuição funcional da renda que é expandida para considerar, para além dos salários, lucros e renda do governo, a parcela associada ao rentismo. Indica-se que a renda dos rentistas, ainda que tenha apresentado estabilidade durante o período, mudou significativamente sua composição graças ao aumento da participação dos juros pagos pelas famílias. Os resultados sublinham o papel da expropriação financeira (direcionamento dos salários para o pagamento de juros) e sugerem uma trajetória alternativa para a parcela de salários na renda durante o período, indicando outras possibilidades para a análise do conflito distributivo. No segundo ensaio, "Fiscal Policy and distributive conflict in Brazil (2000-2019)" o foco reside no papel redistributivo do Estado brasileiro. Estima-se, assim, o salário social líquido (a contribuição líquida da política fiscal para a classe trabalhadora), cuja trajetória foi de aumento entre 2004 e 2017, principalmente graças ao crescimento dos gastos sociais. A composição do salário social líquido sugere, ainda, que seu crescimento tem relação com a ativação de mecanismos institucionais capazes de ampliar o efeito redistributivo da política fiscal no longo prazo. Finalmente, o terceiro ensaio é intitulado Toward a critical appraisal of the Growth Model Perspective: the political business cycle in Brazil (2003-2016) e propõe uma avaliação crítica de parte da literatura em economia política comparada associada à Growth Model Perspective. Propõe-se, como contribuição ao debate, uma reinterpretação do modelo de crescimento brasileiro sob uma perspectiva Kaleckiana, situando o conflito distributivo no centro da análise. O ensaio sugere que a relação entre os motores do crescimento brasileiro e seus determinantes sócio-políticos contribuiu tanto para a formação quanto para o esgotamento do modelo de crescimento brasileiro das últimas décadas.
 
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Publishing Date
2023-07-10
 
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