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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.12.2020.tde-28092020-152139
Document
Author
Full name
Cristina de Moura João
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2020
Supervisor
Committee
Fischer, Rosa Maria (President)
Comini, Graziella Maria
Mendonça, Patrícia Maria Emerenciano de
Silveira, Rafael Alcadipani da
Title in Portuguese
Empreendimentos socioambientais em turismo: uma análise da criação dos valores social e ambiental
Keywords in Portuguese
Empreendimentos socioambientais
Turismo
Valor ambiental
Valor social
Abstract in Portuguese
Empreendimentos socioambientais são caracterizados por seus propósitos de criar valor social e/ou ambiental de forma a influenciar transformações sociais e econômicas. A maior parte dos estudos sobre este tema destacam os resultados de criação de valor social e econômico, porém não se observa a mesma frequência em ressaltarem a criação de valor ambiental. Esta constatação estimulou o interesse por verificar se os empreendimentos sociais dedicados ao turismo de base comunitária, pelas próprias características do setor, criavam através de suas operações, valores sociais e ambientais. O número de empreendimentos socioambientais atuantes em turismo vem crescendo devido ao reconhecimento do potencial dessa atividade para promover o desenvolvimento local, principalmente quando ela é desenvolvida em parceria com as comunidades. Foram estudados quatro empreendimentos com o objetivo de descrever suas características e práticas e investigar se elas enfocavam a criação de valor. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva exploratória que empregou o método de estudo de múltiplos casos e as técnicas de levantamento e análise de dados primários e secundários coletados junto a cada uma das unidades investigadas. Foram analisados documentos e dados secundários tanto sobre os empreendimentos quanto sobre o turismo comunitário, a partir dos quais definiu-se o trabalho de campo realizado através de viagens cumprindo os roteiros operados pelos negócios estudados. Por meio de observação participante e entrevistas semiestruturadas individuais e grupais com empreendedores e comunitários, foi gerado o material que permitiu identificar que o empreendedorismo socioambiental em turismo é um fenômeno recente, que vem crescendo e se estruturando. A análise das características e das práticas de operação dos empreendimentos estudados permitiu identificar que eles podem potencializar a criação de valores sociais e ambientais, seja por ação direta ou indireta. Nenhum deles porém emprega alguma métrica formal para monitorar e avaliar esses resultados. As opiniões de empreendedores e comunitários envolvidos indicam que a criação de valor é percebida com diferentes intensidades. Dentre os desafios enfrentados por estes negócios destaca-se a dificuldade para criar e manter a sustentabilidade financeira. Entre suas características organizacionais e de funcionamento predominantes verifica-se a necessidade de operar mediante a formação de parcerias e alianças e de participar de redes e coletivos. Espera-se que este estudo contribua para o amadurecimento do empreendedorismo socioambiental, principalmente no que concerne à criação de valor social e ambiental, tanto para as reflexões teóricas como para o aperfeiçoamento de suas políticas e práticas de gestão.
Title in English
Socio-environmental enterprises in tourism: an analysis of the creation of social and environmental values
Keywords in English
Environmental value
Social value
Socio-environmental enterprises
Tourism
Abstract in English
Socio-environmental enterprises are characterized by their purposes in creating social and / or environmental value in order to influence social and economic changes. Most studies on this topic highlight the results of creating social and economic value, but the same emphasis on environmental value is not observed. This finding stimulated interest in verifying whether social ventures dedicated to tourism, due to the sector's own characteristics, added to the creation of these types of values. Tourism was the focus of this research because the number of socio-environmental enterprises operating in this sector is growing due to the recognition of the potential for economic, environmental and social development of tourism. The objective of the proposed study was to investigate the creation of socio-environmental value of socio-environmental tourism enterprises, understanding which of its characteristics and practices can influence this creation of value. To answer this objective, the research strategy used was the study of multiple cases, with the socio-environmental enterprise in tourism being the empirical unit of analysis. Secondary documents and data were gathered both on the developments and on the field in question, which, in turn, led to the need for field trips. In this way, four trips were made participating in one of the itineraries of each selected socioenvironmental enterprise in order to collect primary data through participant observation, which generated field notes and image records. In addition, a total of 22 interviews were conducted with the founders of the cases, with the community that received the tourist groups and with partners considered relevant. The data collected offered a general perspective on the field of socio-environmental tourism enterprises in Brazil, allowing us to say that these types of socio-environmental enterprises are emerging recently and are beginning to structure their activities. The analysis of the influence of the characteristics and their practices in the creation of social and environmental value allowed to identify that the enterprises, as they are constituted, can potentiate the creation of social and environmental values, either by direct or indirect action. In some communities of the visited communities it was possible to perceive a lesser intensity in the creation of value, in another that there is a certain distrust and resistance in relation to tourism that comes from "outside", that is, when the groups of visitors are not brought by themselves community. In addition, the description of the ventures studied allowed to identify the challenges they faced, highlighting the difficulty of enterprises in creating and maintaining financial sustainability. Thus, it is expected that this study will contribute to the maturing of socio-environmental entrepreneurship, especially about the creation of social and environmental value, both for theoretical reflections and for the improvement of its management policies and practices.
 
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Publishing Date
2020-10-07
 
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