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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.12.1994.tde-22052024-113122
Document
Author
Full name
Antonio Jose Braga do Carmo
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 1994
Supervisor
Committee
Cruz, Helio Nogueira da (President)
Barros, Geraldo Sant Ana de Camargo
Farina, Elizabeth Maria Mercier Querido
Silber, Simao Davi
Suzigan, Wilson
Title in Portuguese
Tecnologia e competitividade na indústria brasileira de fertilizantes fosfatados
Keywords in Portuguese
Fertilizantes fosfatados
Indústria química - Economia
Indústrias
Abstract in Portuguese
O presente trabalho avalia o processo de substituição de importação na indústria brasileira de fertilizantes, no período 1970-90, utilizando-se da Teoria da Proteção Efetiva (TPE) e do Custo dos Recursos Domésticos (CRD). No Brasil, em resposta à primeira crise do petróleo, o Governo lançou o II PND, uma decisão de maciços investimentos governamentais em insumos básicos e bens de capital. Através do Programa Nacional de Fertilizantes e Calcário Agrícola, no período 1975-80, foi consolidada uma indústria de fertilizantes no Brasil, com o Estado desempenhando um papel importante para o surgimento e consolidação da mesma e tomando-se um grande produtor de fertilizantes. O domínio nacional da tecnologia de aproveitamento da rocha fosfática favoreceu a competitividade desta indústria. A partir do início da década de 90, inicia-se uma nova fase, marcada pela diminuição da proteção e pela privatização. De modo geral, o empreendimento mostrou-se inviável do ponto de vista privado. Os resultados da TPE foram mais favoráveis, enquanto pelo CRD o empreendimento seria inviável a uma taxa social de câmbio de oito por cento acima da taxa de câmbio de mercado. Entretanto, uma pequena elevação de preços dos produtos viabilizaria o projeto. A viabilidade fica muito dependente dos preços do mercado internacional.
Title in English
Technology and competitiveness in the Brazilian phosphate fertilizer industry
Keywords in English
Chemical industry - Economy
Industries
Phosphate fertilizers
Abstract in English
This present work evaluates the process of import substitution on the Brazilian fertilizers industry during the period of 1970-90, from two perspectives: the Theory of Effective Protection (TEP) and the Domestic Resource Costs (DRC). In Brazil, as an answcr for the first petroleum crisis, the government created the II PND, which implied a great amount of the government 's investments in basic and capital goods industries. Through the Fertilizers and Agricultura Limestone National Program of the II PND, on the period of 1975-80, was consolidated a fertilizers industry in Brazil, with the State performing a important role for the beginning and consolidation of this industry and becoming a great fertilizers producer. The national domination of the technology of utilization of the phosphate rock supported the competitiveness of this industry. At the beginning of the 90'decade, government initiated a new phase characterized by the reducing of protection and by the privatization. Generally, the undertaking showed it is not reasonable from the private point of view. Our results based on TEP were more propitious, while by the DRC the undertaking would be unfeasible at a social exchange rate eight per cent greater than the market exchange rate. However, a small increase of the prices of products would become viable the project. The feasibility depends crucially on the prices of international market.
 
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Publishing Date
2024-05-22
 
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