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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.12.2021.tde-18012022-205202
Document
Author
Full name
Lucas Chang Carvalho Santana
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2021
Supervisor
Committee
Rodrigues Junior, Mauro (President)
Cavalcanti, Tiago Vanderlei de Vasconcelos
Ferreira, Pedro Cavalcanti Gomes
Nakane, Márcio Issao
Title in Portuguese
Reformas e crescimento: uma análise da abertura da América Latina na década de 90
Keywords in Portuguese
América Latina
Comércio internacional
Crescimento econômico
Abstract in Portuguese
Após a crise da dívida de 1982, a maior parte dos países latino-americanos percebeu que uma estratégia de desenvolvimento baseada na substituição de importações causa sérios problemas macroeconômicos. No fim da década de 80 e começo da década de 90, os países dessa região começaram uma série de reformas econômicas no sentido de adotarem políticas pró-mercado e pró-comércio. Entretanto, o alto crescimento esperado com essas reformas não ocorreu. Nesse trabalho, iremos propor um modelo dinâmico de equilíbrio geral para uma melhor compreensão da relação entre comércio internacional e crescimento. O regime de comércio é formulado de maneira similar ao observado na América Latina durante a década de 90, ou seja, uma abertura comercial após um período de políticas protecionistas. Os resultados produzidos pelo modelo são similares aos resultados que foram observados na América Latina após a abertura comercial, que são um baixo crescimento do produto, aumento da produtividade total dos fatores e redução da razão capital-produto.
Title in English
Reforms and growth: an analysis of Latin America trade opening in the 1990s
Keywords in English
Economic growth
International trade
Latin America
Abstract in English
After the debt crisis of 1982, the majority of Latin American countries realized that a development strategy based on import substitution causes serious macroeconomic problems. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, countries in this region began a series of economic reforms to adopt pro-market and pro-trade policies. However, the high growth expected from these reforms did not occur. In this paper, we introduce a dynamic general equilibrium model for a better understanding of the relationship between economic growth and international trade. The trade regime is modeled similarly to Latin America's experience during the 1990s, that is, a trade liberalization after a period of protectionist policies. The results produced by the model are similar to the results that were observed in Latin America after trade liberalization, which are a small growth in output, an increase in total factor productivity and a reduction in the capital-output ratio.
 
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Publishing Date
2022-02-03
 
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