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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.12.2021.tde-10012022-204224
Document
Author
Full name
João Victor Sales Marcolin
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2021
Supervisor
Committee
Carvalho, Laura Barbosa de (President)
Meloni, Luís Eduardo Negrão
Ribeiro, Daniela Campello da Costa
Ulyssea, Gabriel Lopes de
Title in English
Commodity price shocks and the victory of Jair Bolsonaro in the 2018 presidential elections in Brazil
Keywords in English
Crisis
Elections
Political economy
Abstract in English
The ascension of far-right politicians and parties over the recent years has motivated research that set out to explain this trend as a consequence of economic variables. This research contributes to this debate by investigating the effect of negative shocks on the commodity trade on the support for Jair Bolsonaro in the Brazilian presidential election of 2018. First, we create a variable that measures the exposure of a given municipality to variation in international commodity prices. Then, we show that a fall in international commodity prices is associated with job loss in the commodity-producing sectors, and that a one-percent reduction in employment in commodity production is associated with an increase in Bolsonaros share of votes: 0.078 percentage point in the first round and 0.076 percentage point in the runoff. However, these results are not robust to the inclusion of the share of self-declared pentecostal evangelicals in the population. This suggests an interaction between economic anxiety and shifts in cultural values, in consonance with the literature on the ascension on the far-right in other countries.
Title in Portuguese
Choques em preços de commodities e a vitória de Jair Bolsonaro nas eleições presidenciais brasileiras de 2018
Keywords in Portuguese
Crise
Economia política
Eleições
Abstract in Portuguese
A ascensão de políticos e partidos de extrema direita nos últimos anos tem motivado pesquisas que buscam explicar esta tendência a partir de variáveis econômicas. Esta pesquisa contribui com o debate ao investigar o efeito de choques negativos no comércio internacional de commodities sobre o apoio a Jair Bolsonaro na eleição presidencial de 2018. Primeiro, nós construímos uma variável que mede a exposição de um dado município a variações nos preços internacionais de commodities. Depois, mostramos que uma queda nos preços internacionais de commodities está associada a uma redução dos empregos em setores produtores de commodities, e que uma redução de 1% nos empregos produtores de commodities está associada a um aumento da parcela de votos de Bolsonaro: de 0.078 pontos percentuais no primeiro turno e 0.076 pontos percentuais no segundo turno. Entretanto, estes resultados não são robustos à inclusão da parcela de auto-declarados evangélicos pentecostais na população. Isto sugere uma interação entre ansiedade econômica e mudanças em valores culturais, em consonância com a literatura sobre a ascensão da extrema direita em outros países.
 
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Publishing Date
2022-01-31
 
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