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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.12.2023.tde-23102023-172412
Document
Author
Full name
Thais Romero Veiga Shingai
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2023
Supervisor
Committee
Salotti, Bruno Meirelles (President)
Galdi, Fernando Caio
Silva, Fabiana Lopes da
Vettori, Gustavo Gonçalves
Title in Portuguese
Pagamento baseado em ações: determinantes de sua utilização e aspectos jurídico-contábeis das políticas adotadas pelas empresas no Brasil
Keywords in Portuguese
Contabilização
Contencioso tributário
Determinantes
Insegurança jurídica
Pagamento baseado em ações
Abstract in Portuguese
Este é um trabalho interdisciplinar, voltado à análise integrada dos aspectos contábeis e tributários do pagamento baseado em ações (PBA) para trabalhadores, contendo investigação da evolução histórica das práticas das empresas, dos fatores que as influenciam, e do contexto normativo e jurisprudencial. Verificou-se que o termo PBA não é sinônimo de stock options, mas gênero que inclui outras modalidades, como phantom shares; ações restritas; restricted stock units (RSUs); performance stock units (PSUs); employee stock purchase program (ESPP); stock appreciation rights (SAR) e stock bonus plans (SBP). Foram coletadas e analisadas informações contábeis de 2005 a 2021, relativas a companhias brasileiras que abriram capital de 1998 a 2008, totalizando 57 na amostra final. Houve aumento significativo na quantidade de empresas com PBA (de 14% para 63%), sendo que em 2020 e 2021 a utilização de planos de ações superou as stock options. A partir desses dados foi também conduzido estudo de determinantes, do qual se extrai que os valores concedidos são influenciados negativamente pelas oportunidades de crescimento, rentabilidade, governança e concentração acionária, sendo importante considerar os diferentes setores. A decisão de utilizar PBA é influenciada pela concentração acionária, governança e tamanho da empresa. Embora esses resultados não permitam afirmar que os planos de PBA são instituídos com finalidade de remunerar, têm sido lavrados autos de infração nesse sentido. O mapeamento exaustivo de decisões da Receita Federal, do Carf e do Poder Judiciário, além de projetos de lei, indica ainda serem as stock options o foco da discussão. Essa constatação preocupa, pois a quantidade de opções outorgadas caiu nos últimos anos, de modo que os normatizadores e a academia devem voltar suas atenções às modalidades mais contemporâneas de PBA, não limitando suas análises às stock options. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo contribui ao trazer uma visão atualizada e interdisciplinar das práticas de PBA no Brasil, tendo o potencial de contribuir com os normatizadores e reguladores na formulação de normas e políticas públicas. Contribuem também com a prática profissional, podendo influenciar a tomada de decisão por parte de diversos usuários das informações contábeis, e com a academia, pois podem ser utilizados para a realização de futuras pesquisas envolvendo práticas mais contemporâneas do que as tradicionais stock options.
Title in English
Share-based payment: determinants of its use and legal-accounting aspects of policies adopted by companies in Brazil
Keywords in English
Accounting treatment
Determinants
Legal uncertainty
Share-based payment
Tax litigation
Abstract in English
This is an interdisciplinary work, aimed at the integrated analysis of the accounting and tax aspects of share-based payments (SBP) for workers, containing the investigation of the historical evolution of companies' practices, the factors that influence them, and the normative and case law context. It was found that the term SBP is not synonymous with stock options, but a genre that includes other types, such as phantom shares; restricted shares; restricted stock units (RSUs); performance stock units (PSUs); employee stock purchase program (ESPP); stock appreciation rights (SAR) and stock bonus plans (SBP). Accounting information from 2005 to 2021 was collected and analyzed, relating to Brazilian companies that went public from 1998 to 2008, totaling 57 in the final sample. There was a significant increase in the number of companies with SBP (from 14% to 63%), and in 2020 and 2021 the use of share plans surpassed stock options. Based on these data, a study of determinants was also conducted, from which it can be concluded that the values granted are negatively influenced by growth opportunities, profitability, governance, and ownership concentration, and it is important to consider the different sectors. The decision to use SBP is influenced by ownership concentration, governance, and company size. Although these results do not permit stating that SBP plans are established for the purpose of remuneration, infraction notices have been drawn up in this regard. The exhaustive study of rulings by the tax authorities and the Courts, in addition to bills, indicates that stock options are still the focus of the discussion. This finding is worrying, as the number of options granted has fallen in recent years, so standard setters and academia must turn their attention to more contemporary SBP types, not limiting their analyzes to stock options. In this sense, the present study contributes by bringing an updated and interdisciplinary view of SBP practices in Brazil, having the potential to contribute to standard setters and regulators in the formulation of standards and public policies. They also contribute to professional practice, being able to influence decision-making by various users of accounting information, and to academia, as they can be used to carry out future research involving more contemporary practices than stock options.
 
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Publishing Date
2023-10-27
 
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