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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.11.2024.tde-12042024-151208
Document
Author
Full name
Lucas Santos Canuto
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Piracicaba, 2024
Supervisor
Committee
Godoy, Wesley Augusto Conde (President)
Ferreira, Cláudia Pio
Moral, Rafael de Andrade
Title in Portuguese
Modelagem de interações inseto simbionte: efeito do controle químico na distribuição de simbiontes
Keywords in Portuguese
Controle químico
Ecologia
Modelagem computacional
Simbiose
Abstract in Portuguese
As relações inseto-simbionte têm ganhado cada vez mais atenção na literatura, uma vez que sua natureza interativa pode trazer resultados relevantes para a área agrícola, devido aos benefícios oriundos dessa relação. A presença de simbiontes em organismos pode interferir em aspectos comportamentais, fisiológicos, biológicos e ecológicos. Em particular, a resistência ou proteção de insetos vivenciando pressões seletivas em cenários envolvendo o uso de inseticidas ou parasitoides. Em especial, a proteção conferida contra compostos químicos devido a processos de desintoxicação trás cenários com presença de custos e benefícios para estes insetos hospedeiros. Nesse estudo propõe-se um modelo computacional baseado em indivíduos com o uso de simulações de Monte Carlo, para testar a hipótese de que a pressão seletiva causada pelo uso de inseticidas ajuda a selecionar os simbiontes que auxiliam na degradação de compostos químicos na população de insetos. O estudo foi desenvolvido com parâmetros de Spodoptera frugiperda sendo o inseto hospedeiro, e seus simbiontes Leclercia adecarboxylata e Pseudomonas psychrotolerans, que auxiliam na degradação de Chlorpyrifos ethyl e Spinosad respectivamente. Através das simulações foi possível observar que o Simbionte L. adecarboxylata apresentou um comportamento esperado em um cenário de médio custo e alto benefício, apresentando altas proporções nas populações de hospedeiros em cenários que apresentavam Chlorpyrifos ethyl. Por outro lado, P. psychrotolerans não apresentou crescimento significativo em nenhuma simulação testada, devido ao seu alto custo constitutivo. Outro resultado interessante, é que a presença de mais simbiontes não alterou o tempo de ação necessário para controle dos insetos com o inseticida Chlorpyrifos ethyl, de acordo com os testes estatísticos realizados. Com isso, foi possível concluir que o modelo, apesar de apresentar pontos que podem ser melhorados e explorados mais detalhadamente, permitiu responder as questões levantadas pela pesquisa, e a capacidade de apresentar as mudanças nas proporções de simbiontes ao longo do tempo.
Title in English
Modeling inset-symbiont interactions: the effect of chemical control in symbiont distribution
Keywords in English
Chemical control
Computational modeling
Ecology
Symbiosis
Abstract in English
Insect-symbiont interactions have been getting a lot of attention in literature because of their interactive nature, mostly; those interactions have a positive result for both parties. These interactions can lead to interesting case studies in agriculture, because of the benefits from the symbiosis. Harboring some symbionts can lead to different changes in the host, in their behavior, physiology, biology and ecology. In particular, the resistance or protection of the host insect under different scenarios of selective pressures from insecticides and parasitoids, can lead to a perspective where an individual is not just another member of the species. In that case, the organism is seen as a holobiont being, that integrate their own microbiome community as part of the individual. In this research, we propose a computational individual-based model, with Monte Carlo simulations, to test the hypothesis that the selective pressure caused by the presence of insecticides helps selecting and increasing the number of hosts for symbionts that have detoxification qualities related to that insecticide. The computational model developed allowed the use of parameters present in literature, testing out the hypothesis described using a case study on Spodoptera frugiperda, that has the symbionts Leclercia adecarboxylata and Pseudomonas psychrotolerans, each one capable of degrading the compounds Chlorpyrifos ethyl and Spinosad respectively. Using the simulations made with the model, it was found that the symbiont L. adecarboxylata had the expected dynamic according to the scenarios presented, where there was growth of this symbiont's host in the population when they bring some benefits, and a lower or stable presence in cases where there wasn't much benefit, on the other hand, P. psychrotolerans didn't have significative growth in any of the simulations made, probably because of its high constitutive cost on the host. Another interesting result was that the presence of more symbiont hosts in the insect populations didnt change the time for Chlorpyrifos ethyl to control the population, according to the statistics tests made. It's possible to say that the model developed, while with flaws, a lot of room to improvement and interesting questions yet to be explored was able to help answering the main questions raised in this research.
 
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Publishing Date
2024-04-15
 
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