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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.11.2009.tde-09092009-150507
Document
Author
Full name
Luis Fernando Polesi
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Piracicaba, 2009
Supervisor
Committee
Sarmento, Silene Bruder Silveira (President)
Domingues, Maria Antonia Calori
Franco, Célia Maria Landi
Title in Portuguese
Amido resistente obtido a partir de amido de leguminosas e de seus hidrolisados
Keywords in Portuguese
Amido - Resistência
Ervilha
Grão-de-bico
Hidrólise.
Abstract in Portuguese
O amido resistente (AR) é a fração do amido que não sofre a ação das enzimas digestivas, apresentando comportamento semelhante ao da fibra dietética. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o teor e as características dos AR obtidos a partir dos amidos de ervilha e de grão-de-bico por diferentes processos de redução de massa molecular. Os amidos naturais ou gelatinizados foram submetidos a processos de hidrólise ácida (HCl 2 M por 2,5 h) ou enzimática (pululanase, 40 U/g por 10 h) previamente a um processo controle, que constou de tratamento hidrotérmico (autoclavagem a 121 °C por 30 min), refrigeração (4 °C por 24 h) e liofilização. O material produzido foi caracterizado quanto ao aspecto geral por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), teor de AR, teor de fibra dietética total (FDT), índice de absorção de água (IAA), índice de solubilidade em água (ISA), padrão de cristalinidade (difração de raios X), viscosidade (RVA - Rapid Visco Analyser) e propriedades térmicas (DSC - Differential Scanning Calorimeter). O teor de AR para o amido natural de ervilha e grãode- bico foi de 39,8 e 31,9 %, respectivamente. Nos amidos processados esse teor variou de 38,5 a 54,6 % para a ervilha e de 16,4 a 32,3 % para o grão-de-bico. Os melhores tratamentos para elevar o teor de AR foram o tratamento ácido (amido natural e gelatinizado) para o amido de ervilha e o tratamento enzimático (amido gelatinizado) para o amido de grão-de-bico. Os teores de FDT dos amidos processados de ervilha variaram de 22,9 a 37,1 % e foram superiores aos do grão-de-bico, que variaram entre 7,2 e 15,7 %. A MEV revelou a presença de grânulos inteiros ou não fragmentados nos amidos de ervilha dos diferentes tratamentos, enquanto os amidos de grão-de-bico tratados apresentaram apenas massa amorfa, sem a evidência de grânulos. Os padrões de cristalinidade dos amidos naturais foram tipo B e C, respectivamente para os amidos de ervilha e grão-de-bico, entretanto, os amidos processados de ambos apresentaram padrão do tipo B. Os amidos naturais apresentaram endotermas entre 56 e 90 °C, enquanto os amidos processados apresentaram endotermas em temperaturas superiores, entre 131 e 171 °C. A entalpia de gelat inização (H) dos amidos de ervilha processados foi superior à dos amidos de grão-de-bico. Os amidos natural e processados de ervilha, de modo geral, apresentaram viscosidade baixa (< 20 RVU) em RVA. O amido de grão-de-bico natural apresentou viscoamilograma bem definido, característico da fonte. Os amidos resistentes obtidos por hidrólise, de ambas as fontes, apresentaram redução na viscosidade em comparação com o controle. A viscosidade foi inversamente proporcional ao teor de AR nas amostras. A hidrólise e o processamento térmico promoveram o aumento no IAA e ISA dos amidos tratados. Os processos de hidrólises dos amidos de ervilha e de grão-de-bico podem elevar o teor de AR se comparados com o método controle.
Title in English
Resistant starch from legumes starches and their hydrolysates
Keywords in English
Chickpea
Hydrolysis.
Pea
Starch - Resistance
Abstract in English
Resistant starch (RS) is the fraction of starch that does not suffer the action of digestive enzymes, showing similar behavior to that of dietary fiber. The aim of this study was to evaluate the amounts and characteristics of RS obtained from chick-pea and high amylose pea starches using different processes of molecular weight reduction. The natural or pregelatinized starches were submitted to acid (2 M HCl for 2.5 h) or enzymatic (pullulanase, 40 U / g per 10 h) hydrolysis prior to a control process, which consisted of hydrothermal treatment (autoclaving at 121 ° C for 30 min), refrigeration (4 ° C for 24 h) and liophilization. The material was characterized as to the general appearance by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), RS content, total dietary fiber (TDF) content, water absorption index (WAI), water solubility index (WSI), crystallinity pattern (X-ray diffraction), viscosity (RVA - Rapid Visco Analyzer) and thermal properties (DSC - Differential Scanning Calorimeter). The RS content in pea and chick-pea natural starch was 39.8 and 31.9%, respectively. The processed starches showed contents ranging from 38.5 to 54.6% for pea and from 16.4 to 32.3% for chick-pea starch. The best treatments to raise the level of RS were the acid treatment (natural and gelatinized starch) for pea and the enzymic treatment (gelatinized starch) for chick-pea starch. The FDT amounts in processed pea starches ranged from 22.9 to 37.1% and were higher than those of chick-pea, which ranged between 7.2 and 15.7%. The photomicrographs in SEM revealed the presence of whole grains (not fragmented) in pea starches treatments, while the treated chick-pea starches showed only amorphous mass, without the evidence of granules. The cristallinity patterns of natural starches were B and C types, respectively for pea and chick-pea starch. Both processed starches, however, presented B type pattern. The natural starches showed endotherms between 56 and 90°C, while the processed starches showed endotherms at higher temperatures (131 and 171°C). The processed pea starches gelatinizati on enthalpy (H) was higher than those of processed chick-pea starches. The natural and processed pea starches, in general, showed low viscosity (<20 RVU) in RVA. The natural chick-pea starch presented viscoamylogram well defined, typical of this botanical source. The resistant starches obtained by hydrolysis showed in both sources, a decrease in viscosity compared to the control treatment. The viscosity was inversely proportional to the RS content in the samples. The hydrolysis and the thermal processing promoted an increase in WAI and WSI of treated starches. The hydrolysis process of pea and chickpea starches may raise the level of RS when compared to the control process.
 
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Publishing Date
2009-09-18
 
WARNING: The material described below relates to works resulting from this thesis or dissertation. The contents of these works are the author's responsibility.
  • POLESI, Luís F., SARMENTO, Silene B. S., and FRANCO, Célia M. L.. Production and physicochemical properties of resistant starch from hydrolysed wrinkled pea starch : Resistant starch from wrinkled pea starch [doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.2011.02744.x]. International Journal of Food Science & Technology [online], 2011, vol. 46, n. 11, p. 2257-2264.
  • POLESI, Luís Fernando, and SARMENTO, Silene Bruder Silveira. Structural and physicochemical characterization of RS prepared using hydrolysis and heat treatments of chickpea starch [doi:10.1002/star.201000114]. Starch - Stärke [online], 2011, vol. 63, n. 4, p. 226-235.
  • POLESI, Luis Fernando, BRUDER SILVEIRA SARMENTO, Silene, and BORALLI PRUDENTE DOS ANJOS, Carlota. Composition and characterization of pea and chickpea starches [doi:10.4260/BJFT2011140100010]. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF FOOD TECHNOLOGY [online], 2011, vol. 14, n. 1, p. 74-81.
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