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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.11.2024.tde-14032024-102601
Document
Author
Full name
Alecsander Alves Almeida
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Piracicaba, 2024
Supervisor
Committee
Santos, Flavio Augusto Portela (President)
Goulart, Rodrigo Silva
Polizel, Daniel Montanher
Title in Portuguese
Níveis de inclusão da fibra seca de milho com solúveis de destilaria e de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar em dietas para bovinos em terminação
Keywords in Portuguese
Coprodutos
Desempenho
Metabolismo
Ph ruminal
Abstract in Portuguese
Três experimentos foram realizados para avaliar teores de inclusão da fibra seca de milho com solúveis de destilaria (DFS), 0, 20, 40 e 60% e de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar (5.3% e 9.3% da MS) em dietas contendo milho flint moído (1,7mmm TMP) para bovinos em terminação. Foram avaliados o desempenho, as características de carcaça, os parâmetros de fermentação ruminal e a digestibilidade dos nutrientes. No experimento 1, 28 novilhos Nelore com fístula ruminal foram blocados de acordo com peso corporal inicial (PC 465 ± 29.44 kg), e dentro dos blocos (n = 7), os animais foram aleatoriamente designados para receber dietas contendo 5,3% de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar com a inclusão de 0, 20, 40 ou 60% de DFS em substituição parcial ao milho e total ao farelo de soja. O período experimental durou 21 dias, sendo 14 dias de adaptação e 7 dias de amostragem. Houve interação entre tratamento e horário de amostragem para as proporções molares de acetato (P=0,0043), propionato (P=0,0183), isovalerato (P=0,0025) e para a relação AcBut:Prop (P=0,0526). A inclusão de DFS até 60% na dieta causou aumento linear na proporção molar de isobutirato e redução linear na concentração total de AGV (P=0,0122) e de amônia ruminal (P<0,0001). No experimento 2, 28 novilhos Nelore com fístula ruminal foram blocados pelo peso corporal inicial (480 ± 32 kg), e dentro dos blocos (n = 7), os animais foram aleatoriamente designados para receber dietas contendo 9,3% de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar com inclusão de 0, 20, 40 ou 60% de DFS. O período experimental foi o mesmo descrito no Exp. 1. A inclusão de DFS até 60% na dieta causou redução linear na digestibilidade da MS (P=0,0027), da MO (P=0,0031), da PB (P=0,0459) e de CHOT (0,0024). Houve interação entre tratamento e horário de amostragem para as proporções molares de acetato na hora 21 (P=0,0022), propionato (P=0,0144) e butirato nas horas 15, 18 e 21 (P=0,0099), valerato na hora 21 (P=0,0137) e amônia ruminal nas horas 0 e 9 (P=0,0004). A inclusão de até 60% de DFS na dieta causou redução linear na proporção molar de isobutirato (P=0,0524) e de isovalerato (P=0,0288) e causou aumento linear do pH ruminal (P=0.0491). No experimento 3, 368 machos não castrados da raça Nelore foram distribuídos pelo peso inicial (369.65 ± 34.92 kg), alocados em 56 baias experimentais em delineamento de blocos completos casualizados (n = 6 animais por baia em 40 baias, e 8 animais por baia nas demais 16 baias) em um arranjo fatorial 2 × 4 com 7 repetições, sendo o Fator 1 a inclusão de 5,3 ou 9,3% de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar e o Fator 2 a inclusão de 0, 20, 40 ou 60% de DFS na dieta em substituição parcial ao milho Flint e total ao farelo de soja. O período experimental teve duração de 112 dias. Não houve interação entre bagaço de cana-de-açúcar e nível de inclusão de DFS. A redução de 9,3 para 5,3% de bagaço na dieta reduziu o CMS (P=0,0006), sem alteração no GMD dos animais e com tendência de aumento na eficiência alimentar (P=0,0915) e no rendimento de carcaça (P=0,07). A inclusão de DFS, em até 60% da dieta resultou em aumento linear no peso corporal final (P=0,0052) e de carcaça quente (P=0,0329) e um aumento quadrático no GPD (P=0,0227), na eficiência alimentar (P=0,0462). Foi observada tendência de aumento quadrático na Elm observada (P=0,0888) e ELg observada (P=0,0889) das dietas com a inclusão de DFS até 60%. A eficiência de uso da energia foi otimizada com a inclusão de 20% de DFS na dieta.
Title in English
Inclusion levels of dry corn fiber with distiller's solubles and sugarcane bagasse in diets for finishing cattle
Keywords in English
Co-products
Metabolism
Performance
Ruminal ph
Abstract in English
Three experiments were carried out to evaluate inclusion contents of dry corn bran/Fiber plus distillery solubles (DFS), 0, 20, 40 and 60% and sugarcane bagasse (5.3% and 9.3% of diet DM) in diets containing "flint" ground corn (1,7mm MPS) for finishing cattle. Performance, carcass traits, ruminal fermentation parameters and nutrient digestibility were evaluated. In experiment 1, 28 Nellore steers with ruminal fistula were blocked according to initial body weight (BW 465 ± 29.44 kg), and within blocks (n = 7), animals were randomly assigned to receive diets containing 5.3% sugar cane bagasse with the inclusion of 0, 20, 40 or 60% of DFS in partial replacement of corn and total replacement of soybean meal. The experimental period lasted 21 days, with 14 days of adaptation and 7 days of sampling. There were interactions between treatment and sampling time for the molar proportions of acetate (P=0.0043), propionate (P=0.0183), isovalerate (P=0.0025) and for the AcBut:Prop ratio (P=0.0526). The inclusion of DFS up to 60% in the diet caused a linear increase in the molar proportion of isobutyrate, and a linear reduction in the total concentration of VFA (P=0.0122) and rumen ammonia-N (P<0.0001). In experiment 2, 28 Nellore steers with ruminal fistula were blocked by initial body weight (480 ± 32 kg), and within the blocks (n = 7), the animals were randomly assigned to receive diets containing 9.3% sugarcane bagasse with inclusion of 0, 20, 40 or 60% DFS. The experimental period was the same described in Exp. 1. The inclusion of DFS up to 60% in the diet caused a linear reduction in the digestibility of DM (P=0.0027), OM (P=0.0031), CP (P=0.0459) and TCHO (0.0024). There were interactions between treatment and sampling time for the molar proportions of acetate at hour 21 (P=0.0022), propionate (P=0.0144), butyrate at hours 15, 18 and 21 (P=0.0099), valerate at hour 21 (P=0.0137) and rumen ammonia-N at hours 0 and 9 (P=0.0004). The inclusion of up to 60% DFS in the diet caused a linear reduction in the molar ratio of isobutyrate (P=0.0524) and isovalerate (P=0.0288) and caused a linear increase in ruminal pH (P=0.0491). In experiment 3, 368 Nellore bulls were distributed by initial weight (369.65 ± 34.92 kg), allocated in 56 experimental pens in a completely randomized block design (n = 6 animals per pen in 40 pens, and 8 animals per pen in the other 16 pens) in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement with 7 replications, with Factor 1 being the inclusion of 5.3 or 9.3% of sugarcane bagasse and factor 2 being the inclusion of 0, 20, 40 or 60% of DFS in the diet in partial replacement of flint corn and total replacement of soybean meal. The experimental period lasted 112 days. There were no interactions between sugarcane bagasse and DFS inclusion level. The reduction from 9.3 to 5.3% of bagasse in the diet reduced the DMI (P=0.0006), without changing the ADG of the animals and with a trend towards an increase in feed efficiency (P=0.0915) and carcass dressing (P=0.07). The inclusion of DFS up to 60% of the diet resulted in a linear increase in final body weight (P=0.0052) and hot carcass weight (P=0.0329) and a quadratic increase in ADG (P=0.0227) and in the feed efficiency (P=0.0462). There was a tendency for a quadratic increase in observed NEm (P=0,0888) and in NEg (P=0,0889) as DFS was fed up to 60% of the diet. Energy use efficiency was optimized with the inclusion of 20% DFS in the diet.
 
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Publishing Date
2024-03-14
 
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