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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.11.2024.tde-12042024-150142
Document
Author
Full name
Luzianna Macêdo Fonsêca
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Piracicaba, 2024
Supervisor
Committee
Corassin, Carlos Humberto (President)
Cortinhas, Cristina Simões
Teixeira, Alex de Matos
Title in Portuguese
Avaliação da eficácia de diferentes adsorventes para redução de efeitos tóxicos combinados de micotoxinas na alimentação de vacas em lactação
Keywords in Portuguese
Aditivos antimicotoxinas
Adsorventes
Multi-micotoxinas
Redução de micotoxinas
Vacas leiteiras
Abstract in Portuguese
Micotoxinas são metabólitos tóxicos produzidos por fungos presentes em alimentos e rações e representam riscos à saúde de bovinos, bem como para a qualidade dos produtos derivados dessa espécie, como o leite. A crescente preocupação com esses compostos exige estratégias eficazes de mitigação. Aditivos antimicotoxinas, que se ligam às micotoxinas, surgem como solução promissora. Este estudo visou determinar a eficiência de diferentes aditivos antimicotoxinas em reduzir de aflatoxinas (AFLA), fumonisinas (FUM), zearalenona (ZEN), deoxinivalenol (DON) e toxina T-2 (T2) no sangue, leite e urina de vacas leiteiras. Doze vacas Holandesas em lactação foram divididas aleatoriamente em quatro tratamentos: 1) grupo controle (CON), composto por dieta basal sem aditivo antimicotoxina; 2) grupo aditivo antimicotoxina 1 (AD1), com a adição de 25 g/vaca/dia de HSCAS (aluminossilicato de cálcio e sódio hidratado) ao concentrado da dieta basal; 3) grupo aditivo antimicotoxina 2 (AD2), com a inclusão de 15 g/vaca/dia de Mycofix® Plus 5.0 (DSM-firmenich ltda., Brasil) ao concentrado da dieta basal; e 4) grupo aditivo antimicotoxina 3 (AD3), com a adição de 30 g/vaca/dia de Mycofix® Plus 5.0 (DSM-firmenich ltda., Brasil) ao concentrado da dieta basal. O experimento durou 21 dias, com sete dias de contaminação por AFLA, FUM, DON, ZEN e T2. Foram coletadas amostras de leite, urina e sangue para análise de biomarcadores multi-micotoxinas via cromatografia líquida de ultra desempenho acoplado a um espectrômetro de massas (UPLC-MS). As AFLA, FUM e ZEN estavam naturalmente presentes na dieta básica. No plasma sanguíneo os aditivos conseguiram reduzir aflatoxina M1 (AFM1) em 35% (AD1) e 91% (AD2), enquanto DON foi reduzido a níveis abaixo dos limites de detecção do método (LOD) (0,033 µg/L) pelos aditivos AD2 e AD3. A FUM e ZEN sofreram redução de 94,6% e 97,7%, respectivamente, por AD2 e ficaram abaixo do LOD com o uso de AD3. No leite, AD2 e AD3 reduziram AFM1 entre 94,3% e 97,8%, e preveniram a secreção de DON, FUM, T2 e ZEN. Na urina, houve redução de aflatoxinas em 10,8% (AD1), 17,8% (AD2) e 26,1% (AD3). AD2 e AD3 reduziram DON e FUM para níveis abaixo do LOD (0,033 e 0,003 µg/L). T2 não foi detectada em nenhum tratamento. Conclui-se que a administração de aditivos antimicotoxinas, em um curto período de contaminação, reduz efetivamente a FUM, DON, FUM, T2 e ZEN no sangue, leite e urina de vacas leiteiras. Em todos os tratamentos contendo Mycofix® Plus 5.0, observou-se uma resposta positiva contra a contaminação por múltiplas micotoxinas, com redução dos níveis de contaminação em biomarcadores, como leite, urina e sangue. AD3 apresentou maior redução de FUM no sangue, urina e leite, seguido por AD2 e HSCAS. AD3 reduziu todas as outras micotoxinas abaixo do LOD no sangue, urina e leite. A dose mais baixa de aditivo antimicotoxinas (AD2) apresentou grande redução em todas as micotoxinas, enquanto HSCAS apresentou pequena redução na FUM, e não foi capaz de reduzir outras secreções de micotoxinas em sangue, urina e leite. Os dados reforçam a eficácia dos aditivos alimentares antimicotoxinas na desativação das micotoxinas, destacando a importância de sua utilização.
Title in English
Evaluation of the effectiveness of various adsorbents for reducing the combined toxic effects of mycotoxins in the diet of lactating cows
Keywords in English
Adsorbents
Antimycotoxin additives
Dairy cows
Multi-mycotoxins
Mycotoxin reduction
Abstract in English
Micotoxins are toxic metabolites produced by fungi present in food and feed, posing risks to the health of cattle, as well as to the quality of products derived from this species, such as milk. The growing concern about these compounds demands effective mitigation strategies. Antimycotoxin additives, which bind to mycotoxins, emerge as a promising solution. This study aimed to determine the efficiency of different antimycotoxin additives in reducing aflatoxins (AFLA), fumonisins (FUM), zearalenone (ZEN), deoxynivalenol (DON), and T-2 toxin (T2) in the blood, milk, and urine of dairy cows. Twelve Holstein lactating cows were randomly divided into four treatments: 1) control group (CON), consisting of a basal diet without antimycotoxin additive; 2) antimycotoxin additive group 1 (AD1), with the addition of 25 g/cow/day of HSCAS (hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate) to the concentrate of the basal diet; 3) antimycotoxin additive group 2 (AD2), with the inclusion of 15 g/cow/day of Mycofix® Plus 5.0 (DSM-Firmenich Ltd., Brazil) to the concentrate of the basal diet; and 4) antimycotoxin additive group 3 (AD3), with the addition of 30 g/cow/day of Mycofix® Plus 5.0 (DSM-Firmenich Ltd., Brazil) to the concentrate of the basal diet. The experiment lasted for 21 days, with seven days of contamination by AFLA, FUM, DON, ZEN, and T2. Samples of milk, urine, and blood were collected for multi-mycotoxin biomarker analysis via ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS). AFLA, FUM, and ZEN were naturally present in the basic diet. In the blood plasma, the additives managed to reduce aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) by 35% (AD1) and 91% (AD2), while DON was reduced to levels below the limit of detection (LOD) (0.033 µg/L) by additives AD2 and AD3. FUM and ZEN underwent a reduction of 94.6% and 97.7%, respectively, by AD2 and were below the LOD with the use of AD3. In the milk, AD2 and AD3 reduced AFM1 between 94.3% and 97.8% and prevented the secretion of DON, FUM, T2, and ZEN. In the urine, there was a reduction in aflatoxins by 10.8% (AD1), 17.8% (AD2), and 26.1% (AD3). AD2 and AD3 reduced DON and FUM to levels below the LOD (0.033 and 0.003 µg/L). T2 was not detected in any treatment. It is concluded that the administration of antimycotoxin additives, over a short contamination period, effectively reduces FUM, DON, FUM, T2, and ZEN in the blood, milk, and urine of dairy cows. In all treatments containing Mycofix® Plus 5.0, a positive response against contamination by multiple mycotoxins was observed, with a reduction in contamination levels in biomarkers such as milk, urine, and blood. AD3 exhibited the greatest reduction in FUM in blood, urine, and milk, followed by AD2 and HSCAS. AD3 reduced all other mycotoxins below the LOD in blood, urine, and milk. The lower dose of antimycotoxin additive (AD2) showed significant reduction in all mycotoxins, while HSCAS showed minor reduction in FUM and was unable to reduce other mycotoxin secretions in blood, urine, and milk. The data underscore the effectiveness of antimycotoxin feed additives in deactivating mycotoxins, highlighting the importance of their use.
 
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Publishing Date
2024-04-15
 
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