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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.11.2012.tde-25102012-095956
Document
Author
Full name
Vanessa Nessner Kavamura
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Piracicaba, 2012
Supervisor
Committee
Melo, Itamar Soares de (President)
Rodrigues, Andre
Andreote, Fernando Dini
Duarte, Rubens Tadeu Delgado
Mendes, Rodrigo
Title in Portuguese
Bactérias associadas às cactáceas da Caatinga: promoção de crescimento de plantas sob estresse hídrico
Keywords in Portuguese
Bactérias
Caatinga
Cactáceas
Crescimento vegetal
Estresse hídrico
Mandacaru
Rizosfera
Semiárido
Abstract in Portuguese
A Caatinga, bioma exclusivamente brasileiro, inserido no clima semiárido nordestino, apresenta xerófitas com alta resistência aos períodos de seca. Estas plantas associam-se a micro-organismos que também se encontram bem adaptados, desenvolvendo mecanismos de proteção celular contra o estresse hídrico, assim como proteção vegetal contra os efeitos negativos da dessecação. O presente estudo buscou compreender as bactérias associadas às cactáceas da Caatinga, analisando a estrutura das comunidades bacterianas de solo e da rizosfera de Cereus jamacaru durante a alteração do período chuvoso para o de seca, identificando os grupos dominantes e discutindo algumas funções que possibilitem a manutenção da interação solo-cacto-micro-organismo durante o período de seca. Além disso, buscou selecionar bactérias tolerantes à seca e que fossem capazes de promover crescimento de plantas sob estresse hídrico. Amostras foram coletadas ao longo da Caatinga, em cinco estados: BA, CE, PI, PB e RN totalizando cinco pontos. Com o uso de metodologias independentes de cultivo, foi possível observar que o período de amostragem (chuvoso/seca) foi o principal responsável pela alteração na estrutura das comunidades bacterianas. Os filos Proteobacteria e Bacteroidetes foram abundantes durante o período chuvoso e os filos Actinobacteria e o gênero Bacillus abundantes durante o período de seca. Com o uso de metodologias dependentes de cultivo, foram isoladas com bastante frequência linhagens pertencentes ao gênero Bacillus, capazes de crescer em meio com reduzida atividade de água e com alguns mecanismos de proteção contra a dessecação, como a produção de exopolissacarídeos e biofilme. Além disso, várias linhagens apresentaram mecanismos de promoção de crescimento de plantas diretos e/ou indiretos, como produção de fitohormônio, disponibilização de P por meio de solubilização, fixação de nitrogênio, redução dos efeitos negativos do estresse causados por etileno, produção de celulase e amônia. Uma linhagem de Bacillus sp. foi capaz de promover crescimento de milho sob estresse hídrico, incrementando alguns parâmetros vegetais analisados. São discutidos o uso de consórcio bacteriano entre duas linhagens, além dos mecanismos que os micro-organismos dispõem para tolerar condições ambientais adversas e ainda as funções que estes micro-organismos podem ter na proteção vegetal contra a dessecação.
Title in English
Cacti-associated bacteria from Caatinga: plant growth promotion under water stress
Keywords in English
Bacteria
Caatinga
Cacti
Mandacaru
Plant growth
Rhizosphere
Semi-arid
Water stress
Abstract in English
Caatinga, a Brazilian unique biome, inserted in the semi-arid climate of Brazilian northeast, presents xerophytes with high resistance to drought periods. These plants are found in association with well-adapted microorganisms that have evolved some cellular protection mechanisms against water stress, as well as plant protection against the negative effects of desiccation. This work aimed to study the bacteria associated to some Caatinga cacti, with respect to the structure of bacterial communities of bulk soil and rhizosphere of Cereus jamacaru during the modification of rainy season to dry season, identifying the dominant groups and discussing some functions that enable the soil-cactus-microorganism interaction maintenance during drought. Besides, we searched for drought-tolerant bacteria able to promote plant growth under water stress. Samples were collected along the Caatinga biome in five states: BA, CE, PI, PB, and RN in a total of five points. With unculturable techniques, it was possible to observe that the sampling season (rainy/dry) was the main driver for the modification of bacterial communities' structure. Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes phyla were the most abundant during the rainy season while phylum Actinobacteria and Bacillus group were the most abundant during the dry season. With culturable techniques, it was observed a high frequency of strains belonging to genus Bacillus that were able to grow in medium at reduced water activity and displaying some mechanisms of desiccation protection such as the production of exopolysaccharides and biofilm. Furthermore, several strains showed mechanisms of direct and/or indirect plant growth promotion, like the production of fitohormone, availability of P through solubilization, nitrogen fixation, reduction of negative effects caused by stress-induced ethylene, production of cellulase and ammonia. One strain of Bacillus sp. was able to promote maize growth under water stress, increasing some of the analyzed plant parameters. The use of bacterial consortium between two strains, as well as mechanisms displayed by microorganisms under adverse environmental conditions and their functions in plant protection against desiccation are also discussed.
 
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Publishing Date
2012-11-09
 
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