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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.11.2021.tde-14022022-152226
Document
Author
Full name
Mateus Mendes Vilanova e Silva
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Piracicaba, 2022
Supervisor
Committee
Favarin, José Laercio (President)
Dourado Neto, Durval
Cherubin, Maurício Roberto
Oliveira, Silas Maciel de
Title in Portuguese
Impacto da braquiária na qualidade de solo e na produtividade de milho safrinha e de soja
Keywords in Portuguese
Glycine max
Urochloa spp.
Zea mays
Qualidade do solo
SMAF
Abstract in Portuguese
A qualidade do solo pode ser definida de forma simples como sua capacidade de funcionar, a qual pode ser mensurada por meio de índices. Dentre eles, destaca-se a ferramenta SMAF (soil management assessment framework), o qual integra indicadores biológicos, físicos e químicos do solo em um único índice. Este índice de qualidade do solo permite verificar o impacto do manejo adotado sobre o solo e relacioná-lo com a produtividade. No Brasil há vários tipos de manejo agrícola, com destaque para a integração lavoura-pecuária e o consórcio de plantas. Em ambos há um fato em comum o uso de forrageira tropical do gênero Urochloa. Na presente pesquisa foi testada a seguinte hipótese: a inclusão de forrageira no sistema de produção poderá melhorar os atributos físicos e biológicos e, por extensão, o índice de qualidade do solo, com aumento da produtividade agrícola. Para tanto, foram realizados dois experimentos: (i) milho safrinha em semeação direta sobre braquiária decumbens (sin. Urochloa decumbens) comparado ao solo lavrado mecanicamente (Piracicaba-SP) e (ii) soja após dois anos de integração lavoura-pecuária com duas forrageiras (Uroclhoa brizantha e Urochloa ruziziensis) (Primavera do Leste-MT). No experimento de milho safrinha constatou maior teor de carbono do solo, carbono da biomassa microbiana e da estabilidade de agregados na camada superficial do solo, a produtividade e o índice de qualidade de solo (SMAF) também foram superiores. No experimento de soja na integração lavoura-pecuária o índice de qualidade de solo (SMAF) não variou com a espécie de forrageira (Uroclhoa brizantha e Urochloa ruziziensis), embora a produtividade da soja tenha sido superior sob (Uroclhoa brizantha. O presente estudo revelou que a inclusão da forrageira tropical no sistema de produção aumentou a produtividade e a qualidade de solo.
Title in English
Brachiaria impact on soil quality and off-season maize and soybean yield
Keywords in English
Glycine max
Urochloa spp.
Zea mays
SMAF
Soil quality
Abstract in English
Soil quality can be defined in a simple way as the capacity of the soil to function, and can be measured through indexes. Among them, the SMAF (soil management assessment framework) stands out, through the integration of biological, physical and chemical indicators in a single index. The use of a soil quality index alows the verification of the management practices impacts on soil quality. In Brasil, there are plenty of management, highlighting crop livestock integration and the intercropping. There is a common point between them- the use of Urochloa tropical grasses. The present research aimed to test the following hypothesis: brachiaria incusion into the production sistem increases physical and biological attributes, and, by extension, the soil quality index, with positive consequences into maize and soybean yield. Two experiments were performed, one in Piracicaba city, in the state of São Paulo, with off-season maize cultivated in a tillaged area and in a no-till area, previously cultivated with brachiaria. The other experiment was performed in Primavera do Leste city, in the state of Mato Grosso, with soybean maneged after two years of livestock, in crop-lisvestock areas cultivated with Uroclhoa brizantha and Urochloa ruziziensis. For the Piracicaba experiment, higher values of soil organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon and aggregate stability on the soil shalow layer were observed, for the management after brachiaria. Maize yield and the SMAF soil quality index were also higher for this management. For the Primavera do Leste experiment, there were no differences betwen managements for the SMAF index. Soybean yield, however, was higher for the management after Uroclhoa brizantha. The present work revealed that the brachiaria inclusion into the sistem is associated with increases in crop yield and in soil quality.
 
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Publishing Date
2022-02-16
 
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