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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.11.2018.tde-17072018-144836
Document
Author
Full name
Ticyana Carone Banzato
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Piracicaba, 2018
Supervisor
Committee
Bedendo, Ivan Paulo (President)
Flores, Daniela
Mello, Ana Paula de Oliveira Amaral
Mituti, Tatiana
Pereira, Thays Benites Camargo
Title in Portuguese
Ocorrência e identificação molecular de fitoplasmas em pessegueiro, nectarineira e mostarda-do-campo
Keywords in Portuguese
Bactérias fastidiosas
Mollicutes
Procariotos sem parede celular
Abstract in Portuguese
Fitoplasmas são organismos procarióticos desprovidos de parede celular, parasitas intracelulares obrigatórios de floema e patogênicos às plantas. Numerosas doenças associadas a este tipo de agentes patogênicos têm sido frequentemente relatadas em espécies cultivadas e plantas daninhas. No presente estudo, sintomas tipicamente induzidos por fitoplasmas, tais como clorose e avermelhamento foliar, redução no tamanho das folhas, diminuição dos órgãos florais, superbrotamento de ramos e declínio da planta, foram observados em pomares de fruteiras de caroço como pessegueiro e nectarineira. Além disto, em campos de couve-flor, plantas daninhas conhecidas como mostarda-do-campo também manifestaram sintomas que pareciam ter sido provocados por fitoplamas, expressados por superbrotamento de ramos finos e redução no tamanho de folhas e flores. Assim, o presente trabalho teve por objetivos detectar, identificar e classificar a nível molecular os possíveis fitoplasmas associados às plantas sintomáticas citadas anteriormente, utilizando as técnicas de PCR, análise de RFLP virtual e o método de classificação on-line denominado de iPhyclassifier. Para tanto, o DNA das amostras das fruteiras de caroço e da erva daninha foi extraído com o auxílio de um kit comercial ou através do protocolo 2X CTAB. A detecção dos fitoplasmas foi conduzida por duplo PCR com os primers universais R16mF2/mR1 e SN910601/SN011119 na primeira reação e com o par R16F2n/R2 na segunda reação. Para a mostarda, a identificação dos fitoplasmas também foi realizada através de duplo PCR com os primers e R16(III)F2/R16(III)R1 específicos para fitoplasmas do grupo 16SrIII. A aplicação de PCR com primers universais permitiu a detecção consistente desses agentes nos tecidos das plantas sintomáticas de pessegueiro, nectarineira e mostarda-do-campo pela amplificação de um fragmento genômico de 1250 pb, correspondente ao gene 16S rRNA. Para todos os hospedeiros analisados, os produtos amplificados por duplo PCR com os primers universais foram purificados, clonados em Escherichia coli e submetidos ao sequenciamento. A análise de RFLP virtual e iPhyclassifier permitiram classificar os fitoplasmas encontrados em mostarda nos grupos 16SrIII e 16SrVII. Os fitoplasmas detectados na mostarda-do-campo, foram definitivamente classificados como representantes dos subgrupos 16SrIII-B, 16SrIII-J e 16SrIII-U e 16SrVII-B. Em relação aos fitoplasmas encontrados no pessegueiro e nectarineira, foi possível classificar os fitoplasmas nos grupos 16SrI e 16SrIII, sendo definitivamente classificados como representantes dos subgrupos 16SrI-B em pessegueiro, e em nectarineira, classificados em 16SrI-B e 16SrIII-J.
Title in English
Occurrence and molecular identification of phytoplasmas in peach, nectarine and mustard-field
Keywords in English
Bacteria fastidious
Mollicutes
Prokaryotes without cell wall
Abstract in English
Phytoplasmas are prokaryotic organisms devoid of cell wall, obligate intracellular phloem parasites and pathogenic to plants. Numerous diseases associated with this type of pathogen have been frequently reported in cultivated species of plants and weeds. In this present study, symptoms typically induced by phytoplasmas, such a yellowing an reddeling leaves, small leaves and flowers, "witches' broom" appearance on terminal new bud growth, and death in plants, were observed in orchards of stone fruit trees such as peach and nectarines. In addition, in fields of cauliflower, weeds known as mustard-field also exhibited symptoms that appeared to have been caused by phytoplasmas, expressed by thin branches and reduced leaf and flower size. The objective of this present study was to detect, identify and classify at molecular level the phytoplasmas possibly associated with the symptomatic plants. PCR techniques, virtual RFLP analysis and the online method known as iPhyclassifier were used. Total DNA was extracted using a commercial kit or through the CTAB protocol. The detection of phytoplasmas was conducted by nested PCR with the universal primers R16mF2/mR1 and SN910601/SN011119 in the first reaction and R16F2n/R2 pair in the second reaction. For mustard-field, the identification of the phytoplasmas was also performed through nested PCR with the primers R16(III) F2/R16(III) R1, which are specific to detection of 16SrIII group phytoplasmas. The application of PCR with universal primers allowed the consistent detection of these agents in the tissues in symptomatic plants of peach, nectarine and mustard-field by the amplification of a 1250 bp genomic fragment, corresponding to the 16S rRNA gene. For all hosts analyzed, the products amplified by nested PCR with the universal primers were purified, cloned in Escherichia coli and sequenced. The analysis of virtual RFLP and iPhyclassifier allowed to classify the phytoplasmas found in mustard in the 16SrIII and 16SrVII groups. The phytoplasmas detected in mustard-field were definitively classified as representatives of the subgroups 16SrIII-B, 16SrIII-J and 16SrIII-U and 16SrVII-B. The phytoplasmas found in the peach and nectarine were classified within the 16SrI and 16SrIII groups, as representatives of the subgroups 16SrI-B for peach and 16SrI-B and 16SrIII-J for nectarine.
 
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Publishing Date
2018-07-24
 
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